[Risk factors for coronary heart disease and actual diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus].

Background/aim: Recent studies indicate that the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 is increasing in the world. Chronic hyperglycemia in DM is associated with a long term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs, especially retina, kidney, nerves and, in addition, with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. For a long time the illness has been unknown. Early diagnosis of diabetes could suspend the development of diabetic complications. The aim of the study was to establish risk for the development of coronary disease in the patients evaluated by the use of new dignostic criteria for DM.

Methods: The study included 930 participants without diagnosis of DM, hypertension, dyslipidemia, nor coronary heart disease two years before the study. The patients went through measuring of fasting plasma glycemia, erythrocytes, hematocrit, cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. In the group with hyperglycemia the 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test was performed. We analyzed ECG and made blood preasure monitoring, and also measured body mass, height, waist and hip circumference. We analyzed life style, especially smoking, and exercise and family history.

Results: Diabetes prevalence was 2.68%, and prevalences of impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance and DM were 12.15%. Average age of males and females was 38 and 45 years, respectively. In the healthy population there was higher frequency of smokers (55% vs 42%), but in the population with hyperglycemia there were more obesity (23% vs 10.5%), hypertension (39% vs 9%), hypercholesterolemia (76% vs 44.1%), lower HDL-C (52.2% vs 25.7%). Cumulative risk factor in healthy subjects, and those with hyperglycemia were 5.6% and 14%, respectively.

Conclusion: Subjects with hyperglicemia without diagnosis of DM have higher risk factors for coronary heart disease.