We examined the role of residential segregation in exercise among American Hispanics for the first time. Data on the 8785 Hispanic adults in the 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were linked to 2000 census data on the segregation of metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). Multi-level modeling revealed that after adjusting for individual-level variables, the odds of exercise among Hispanics residing in high-segregated MSAs were 18% lower than those residing in low-segregated MSAs. This suggests that segregation contributes to lack of exercise among Hispanics; this effect might be mediated by the relative lack of recreational resources in segregated-Hispanic neighborhoods.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2009.12.013 | DOI Listing |
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities
January 2025
Valleywise Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Background: Missed clinic appointments disproportionately affect Medicaid-insured patients and residents of socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods. The role of the recent telemedicine expansion in reducing these disparities is unclear. We analyzed the relationship between census tract (CT) poverty level, residential segregation, missed appointments, and the role of telemedicine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSoc Sci Med
January 2025
Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Objectives: To understand place-based drivers of racial disparities in stroke mortality in the United States by investigating the relationship between county-level measures of structural racism and racial disparities in stroke mortality.
Methods: We constructed an additive structural racism score from census-based indicators of racial disproportionality (income, poverty, unemployment, home ownership, education, health insurance) and residential segregation (evenness, isolation), as well as county-level jail incarceration data from the Vera Institute of Justice. We utilized age-standardized, spatially smoothed stroke death rates in 2021 for Black and White adults aged 35-64 years in the United States.
Environ Epidemiol
February 2025
Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington.
Objective: We examined if racial residential segregation (RRS) - a fundamental cause of disease - is independently associated with air pollution after accounting for other neighborhood and individual-level sociodemographic factors, to better understand its potential role as a confounder of air pollution-health studies.
Methods: We compiled data from eight large cohorts, restricting to non-Hispanic Black and White urban-residing participants observed at least once between 1999 and 2005. We used 2000 decennial census data to derive a spatial RRS measure (divergence index) and neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) index for participants' residing Census tracts, in addition to participant baseline data, to examine associations between RRS and sociodemographic factors (NSES, education, race) and residential exposure to spatiotemporal model-predicted PM and NO levels.
Am J Prev Med
January 2025
Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia.
Introduction: This study aimed to examine the association of county-level racial and economic residential segregation with mortality rates in the U.S. between 2018 and 2022.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Racial Ethn Health Disparities
January 2025
Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA.
Disparities in autism research and practices based on race and ethnicity are evident across many outcomes and life course stages. However, most of the research has focused on outlining differences and not the underlying systemic inequities driving these disparities. In this conceptual paper, we aim to shift the focus by outlining mechanisms of structural racism within the institutions of science, healthcare, and residential segregation and educational systems in the United States (U.
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