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Article Synopsis
  • Bartonella species are aerobic bacteria spread by blood-sucking insects and can cause various diseases like cat scratch disease and Carrion's disease.
  • A case study details a 31-year-old male with AIDS who experienced persistent fever and knee ulcerations, leading to the identification of a Bartonella infection through advanced sequencing despite negative blood cultures.
  • After treatment with antibiotics, the patient's ulcers improved, but he ultimately succumbed to respiratory failure, highlighting the severe impact of Bartonella in immunocompromised individuals.
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Like Wings of a Bird: Functional Divergence and Complementarity between HLA-A and HLA-B Molecules.

Mol Biol Evol

April 2021

Laboratory of Anthropology, Genetics and Peopling History (AGP Lab), Department of Genetics and Evolution-Anthropology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes are among the most polymorphic of our genome, as a likely consequence of balancing selection related to their central role in adaptive immunity. HLA-A and HLA-B genes were recently suggested to evolve through a model of joint divergent asymmetric selection conferring all human populations, including those with severe loss of diversity, an equivalent immune potential. However, the mechanisms by which these two genes might undergo joint evolution while displaying very distinct allelic profiles in populations are still unknown.

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We report a disseminated infection caused by Spiroplasma apis, a honeybee pathogen, in a patient in France who had X-linked agammaglobulinemia. Identification was challenging because initial bacterial cultures and direct examination by Gram staining were negative. Unexplained sepsis in patients with agammaglobulinemia warrants specific investigation to identify fastidious bacteria such as Spiroplasma spp.

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