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Basic Science and Pathogenesis.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
UNAM, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, CDMX, DF, Mexico.
Background: Longitudinal population-based studies have consistently revealed an expedited cognitive decline in the elderly population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Additionally, there is a documented increased risk of developing vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease in individuals with DM2. Conversely, recent research has pointed to metformin (MET), a widely prescribed medication for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), potentially mitigating age-related cognitive dysfunction (Madhu et al.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Transplantation Reduces White Matter Injury in a Fetal Goat Model.
CNS Neurosci Ther
December 2024
Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Background: Preterm white matter injury (PWMI) is the most common type of brain injury in preterm infants, in which, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are predominantly damaged. In this study, human OPCs (hOPCs) were administered to a fetal goat model of PWMI to examine the differentiation potential and therapeutic effects of the cells on PWMI.
Methods: Preterm goat fetuses were subjected to hypoxic-ischemia (HI) via intermittent umbilical cord occlusion (5 min × 5).
Olfactory and trigeminal routes of HSV-1 CNS infection with regional microglial heterogeneity.
J Virol
November 2024
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Article Synopsis
- HSV-1 primarily infects the oral and nasal areas before establishing latency in the trigeminal ganglion and can also infect the central nervous system (CNS) via specific pathways.
- Recent studies have highlighted the lack of detailed knowledge about which brain regions are affected during HSV-1 infections and how microglial responses differ across these regions.
- This study on a mouse model revealed a two-step spread of HSV-1 from the olfactory epithelium to select brain regions, along with varying activation levels of microglia, contributing to understanding HSV-1's role in neurological diseases.
Olfactory and gustatory chemical sensor systems in the African turquoise killifish: Insights from morphology.
Cell Tissue Res
December 2024
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino, 1 I-80137, Naples, Italy.
Smell and taste are extensively studied in fish species as essential for finding food and selecting mates while avoiding toxic substances and predators. Depending on the evolutionary position and adaptation, a discrete variation in the morphology of these sense organs has been reported in numerous teleost species. Here, for the first time, we approach the phenotypic characterization of the olfactory epithelium and taste buds in the African turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri), a model organism known for its short lifespan and use in ageing research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA novel biomimetic nanovesicle containing caffeic acid-coupled carbon quantum dots for the the treatment of Alzheimer's disease via nasal administration.
J Nanobiotechnology
October 2024
School of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive and physical impairment. Neuroinflammation is related to AD, and the misfolding and aggregation of amyloid protein in the brain creates an inflammatory microenvironment. Microglia are the predominant contributors to neuroinflammation, and abnormal activation of microglia induces the release of a large amount of inflammatory factors, promotes neuronal apoptosis, and leads to cognitive impairment.
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