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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8673021 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7176.2009.00216.x | DOI Listing |
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Decoding consumers' interpretations of 'additive-free' and 'tobacco & water' cigarette advertising claims.
Tob Control
January 2025
Rutgers Institute for Nicotine & Tobacco Studies, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Objectives: In the USA, some tobacco companies replaced the marketing phrase '100% natural additive-free tobacco' with 'tobacco ingredients: tobacco & water' (T&W) after receiving warnings from the US Food and Drug Administration. This study assesses how people interpret the now-restricted additive-free claims and newer T&W claims on Natural American Spirit (NAS) and L&M cigarette packs.
Methods: An online between-subjects experiment randomised 2526 US adults to view one of three packs: an NAS additive-free pack, an NAS T&W pack or an L&M T&W pack.
The Political Sociology of NICE: Investigating Pharmaceutical Cost-Effectiveness Regulation in the UK.
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January 2025
Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) was established a quarter of a century ago in 1999 to regulate the cost-effectiveness of pharmaceuticals (and other health technologies) for the NHS. Drawing on medical sociology theories of corporate bias, neoliberalism, pluralism/polycentricity and regulatory capture, the purpose of this article is to examine the applicability of those theories to NICE as a key regulatory agency in the UK health system. Based on approximately 7 years of documentary research, interviews with expert informants and observations of NICE-related meetings, this paper focuses particularly on NICE's relationship with the interests of the pharmaceutical industry compared with other stakeholder interests at the meso-organisational level.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLocal interpretable spammer detection model with multi-head graph channel attention network.
Neural Netw
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School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China; The Key Laboratory for Computer Virtual Technology and System Integration of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China.
Fraudulent reviews posted by spammers on the online shopping websites mislead consumers' purchasing decisions. To curb fraudulent reviews, many methods have been proposed for detecting spammers. However, the existing spammer detection methods operate in a "black box" mode and lack a reasonable interpretation for their detection results.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRandomized controlled trials - The what, when, how and why.
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Department of Pediatric Urology and Pediatric Surgery, Hôpital Pellegrin-Enfants, University Hospital Bordeaux, Bordeux, France. Electronic address:
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are at the top of the pyramid of evidence as they offer the best answer on the efficacy of a new treatment. RCTs are true experiments in which participants are randomly allocated to receive a certain intervention (experimental group) or a different intervention (comparison group), or no treatment at all (control or placebo group). Randomization, along with other methodological features such as blinding and allocation concealment, safeguard against biases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvaluation of Spin in Abstracts of Randomized Controlled Trials Published in Pediatric Dentistry Journals.
Int J Clin Pediatr Dent
September 2024
Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
Aim And Background: The term "spin" in biomedical journals refers to reporting strategies that misinterpret actual results and mislead readers toward viewing a drug or treatment in a more favorable or less favorable manner. The study aimed to evaluate the presence of spin in abstracts of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in PubMed-indexed pediatric dentistry journals.
Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Dentistry at a tertiary care hospital from April to June 2023.
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