The effects of an artificial bloom of the toxin-producing dinoflagellate, Alexandrium minutum, upon physiological parameters of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, were assessed. Diploid and triploid oysters were exposed to cultured A. minutum and compared to control diploid and triploid oysters fed T. Isochrysis. Experiments were repeated twice, in April and mid-May 2007, to investigate effects of maturation stage on oyster responses to A. minutum exposure. Oyster maturation stage, Paralytic Shellfish Toxin (PST) accumulation, as well as several digestive gland and hematological variables, were assessed at the ends of the exposures. In both experiments, triploid oysters accumulated more PSTs (approximately twice) than diploid oysters. Significant differences, in terms of phenoloxidase activity (PO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of hemocytes, were observed between A. minutum-exposed and non-exposed oysters. PO in hemocytes was lower in oysters exposed to A. minutum than in control oysters in an early maturation stage (diploids and triploids in April experiment and triploids in May experiment), but this contrast was reversed in ripe oysters (diploids in May experiment). In the April experiment, granulocytes of oysters exposed to A. minutum produced more ROS than those of control oysters; however, in the May experiment, ROS production of granulocytes was lower in A. minutum-exposed oysters. Moreover, significant decreases in free fatty acid, monoacylglycerol, and diacylglycerol contents in digestive glands of oysters exposed to A. minutum were observed. Concurrently, the ratio of reserve lipids (triacylglycerol, ether glycerides and sterol esters) to structural lipids (sterols) decreased upon A. minutum exposure in both experiments. Also, several physiological responses to A. minutum exposure appeared to be modulated by maturation stage as well as ploidy of the oysters.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.12.006 | DOI Listing |
Mar Pollut Bull
January 2024
Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China. Electronic address:
Bivalves show remarkable capacity to acclimate paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) produced by dinoflagellates, severely affecting fishery industry and public health. Here, transcriptomic response to PSTs-producing dinoflagellate (Alexandrium minutum) was investigated in Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri) mantle. The PSTs accumulated in C.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMar Pollut Bull
October 2023
Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 3108001, Israel.
We investigated the effects of volatile organic carbons (VOCs) evaporated from gas condensate on the cyanobacteria Synechococcus sp. WH8103, the diatom Asterionellopsis glacialis, and the dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum. We used custom algal incubation chambers enabling only the gas condensate-derived VOCs to interact with the cell cultures via an atmospheric bridge, without direct contact with the hydrocarbon oil.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHarmful Algae
August 2023
Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, 7010, Nelson, New Zealand. Electronic address:
The green-lipped mussel (GLM) Perna canaliculus is an economically, ecologically, and culturally important species in Aotearoa New Zealand. Since 2011, harmful algal blooms (HABs) of Alexandrium spp. have occurred annually in the Marlborough Sounds, the largest GLM aquaculture region in New Zealand.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxins (Basel)
April 2023
Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 712, 19013 Athens, Greece.
HABs pose a threat to coastal ecosystems, the economic sector and human health, and are expanding globally. However, their influence on copepods, a major connector between primary producers and upper trophic levels, remains essentially unknown. Microalgal toxins can eventually control copepod survival and reproduction by deterring grazing and hence reducing food availability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMar Drugs
July 2022
MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
Filter-feeding bivalves can accumulate paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) produced by toxic microalgae, which may induce oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidases (ACOXs) are key enzymes functioning in maintaining redox and lipid homeostasis, but their roles in PST response in bivalves are less understood. Herein, a total of six and six s were identified in the and genome, respectively, and the expansion of s was observed.
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