Chemokine polymorphisms and lymphoma: a pooled analysis.

Polymorphisms in chemokine genes have been associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) but are understudied in non-HIV-related NHL. Associations of NHL and NHL subtypes with polymorphisms and haplotypes in CCR5, CCR2, CCL5, CXCL12, and CX(3)CR(1) were explored in a pooled analysis of three case-control studies (San Francisco Bay Area, California; United Kingdom; total: cases N = 1610, controls N = 1992). Adjusted unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate relative risks among HIV-negative non-Hispanic Caucasians. The CCR5 Delta32 deletion reduced the risk of NHL (odds ratio = 0.56, 95% confidence interval = 0.38-0.83) in men but not women with similar effects observed for diffuse large-cell and follicular lymphoma (FL). NHL risk also was reduced in men with the CCR2/CCR5 haplotype characterized by the CCR5 Delta32 deletion. The CCL5 -403A allele conferred reduced risks of FL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. Results should be interpreted conservatively. Continued investigation is warranted to confirm these findings.