“” —Seymour Benzer, reflecting on the observation that ApoD mRNA levels increase 500-fold following neuronal crush injury. Seymour Benzer’s curiosity was legendary and seemingly limitless. Towards the end of his life, one of the (many) questions that kept him awake at night concerned the emerging role of Apolipoprotein D (ApoD) in aging and neurological disease. In this perspective, we will discuss the clinical and biochemical data on ApoD, and the input from the recent genetic studies in model systems, including those from the Benzer lab.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/cc.9.2.10433 | DOI Listing |
Biomedicines
December 2024
Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
Preeclampsia (preE) is a severe multisystem hypertensive syndrome of pregnancy associated with ischemia/hypoxia, angiogenic imbalance, apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-mediated dyslipidemia, placental insufficiency, and inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface. Our recent data further suggest that preE is associated with impaired autophagy, vascular dysfunction, and proteinopathy/tauopathy disorder, similar to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), including the presence of the cis stereo-isoform of phosphorylated tau (cis P-tau), amyloid-β, and transthyretin in the placenta and circulation. This review provides an overview of the factors that may lead to the induction and accumulation of cis P-tau-like proteins by focusing on the inactivation of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (Pin1) that catalyzes the cis to trans isomerization of P-tau.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Atheroscler Thromb
January 2025
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a key apoprotein in lipid transport and is susceptible to genetic mutations. ApoE variants have been studied for four decades and more than a hundred of them have been reported. This paper presents an up-to-date review of the function and structure of apoE in lipid metabolism, the E2, E3, and E4 isoforms, the APOE gene, and various pathologies, such as familial type III hyperlipidemia and lipoprotein glomerulopathy, caused by apoE variants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMar Drugs
December 2024
Centre for Functional Ecology: Science for People & Planet, Marine Resources, Conservation and Technology-Marine Algae Lab, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a complex, multifactorial condition characterized by risk factors such as abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension, which significantly contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death worldwide. Early identification and effective monitoring of MetS is crucial for preventing serious cardiovascular complications. This article provides a comprehensive overview of various biomarkers associated with MetS, including lipid profile markers (triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 (ApoB/ApoA1) ratio), inflammatory markers (interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin/adiponectin ratio, omentin and fetuin-A/adiponectin ratio), oxidative stress markers (lipid peroxides, protein and nucleic acid oxidation, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), uric acid) and microRNAs (miRNAs) such as miR-15a-5p, miR5-17-5p and miR-24-3p.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExpert Opin Biol Ther
January 2025
Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science & Technology, Macau, China.
Introduction: Hypercholesterolemia and other lipid disorders are major causes of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Statins have been the mainstay of lipid-lowering therapy for many years, but they may not be adequate to achieve the target low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and there are other residual lipid risk factors.
Areas Covered: This article reviews the biologic therapies in development for hypercholesterolemia identified by a PubMed search.
Front Cardiovasc Med
November 2024
Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, China.
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases include myocardial infarction, a high mortality disease. Myocardial infarction patients are becoming younger, typically defined as patients under 45 years of age. This study analyzes the relevant papers on myocardial infarction in youth in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) between 1980 and 2023.
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