This article is devoted to classical and alternative macrophage activation, and intracellular transmission of external signals onto genes. It presents data on postreceptor events resulting in the formation of classical or alternative properties of macrophages. The role of some molecules of intracellular signaling pathways (STAT1, NF-kappaB, IRAK, TRAF6, Jak1, Tyk2, STAT3, c-Maf, Sp1, C/EBP, CREB, STAT6, MAP-kinase, PI3-kinase, c P) in the development of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory activities of macrophages is discussed.
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