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Listening to placebos: the contested lessons of antidepressants debates.
Hist Philos Life Sci
January 2025
University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
The goal of this paper is to explore a set of epistemological and ontological issues regarding the historical and philosophical role of placebos in the contested history of antidepressants. Starting from an account of the dual nature of the placebo as both an epistemic and a therapeutic tool, and against the background of the heated debates on the efficacy of second-generation antidepressants, I propose two related arguments. First, I argue that placebos as controls played a crucial but paradoxical role in the rise of so-called evidence-based approaches to depression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA worthwhile wager: the ethics of open-label placebo treatment in clinical practice.
J Med Ethics
December 2024
Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
There is increasing evidence for the use of open-label placebo (OLP) as an effective and safe treatment for a range of chronic conditions. OLP is generally conceived as an ethical alternative to classic placebo treatment because patients know that they are taking a placebo and are hence not deceived. However, despite its potential benefits and lack of side effects, the paradoxical nature of OLP may make it difficult to propose as a treatment option in clinical practice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTherapeutic BCG vaccine protects against long COVID: The BATTLE randomized clinical trial.
J Intern Med
January 2025
UroScience, State University of Campinas, Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Background: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) injected during the COVID-19 convalescence period was safe and enhanced recovery from anosmia and dysgeusia in the acute phase.
Objectives: To report the long-term results of the BATTLE trial, BCG vaccine in adults with mild COVID-19.
Methods: Design: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized (1:1) clinical trial.
Fluoxetine does not influence response to continuous theta burst stimulation in human motor cortex.
Neuropsychopharmacol Rep
March 2025
University College London, London, UK.
Aim: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are thought to exert a clinical effect through various mechanisms, including through alteration in synaptic plasticity. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can induce temporary changes in synaptic excitability in cerebral cortex that resemble long-term potentiation and long-term depression that serve as a measure of synaptic plasticity in vivo. A version of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation called continuous theta burst stimulation can induce inhibition of cortical excitability that can be measured through a motor evoked potential.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe impact of contextual effects in exercise therapy for low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BMC Med
October 2024
Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, School for Allied Health, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Kapittelweg 33, Nijmegen, 6525 EN, The Netherlands.
Background: Low back pain is the leading cause of global disability for which exercise therapy is a widely recommended treatment. Research indicates that contextual factors may also influence treatment outcomes in low back pain. Examples include the patient-therapist relationship and other treatment-related circumstances that affect patient expectations.
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