The present study interviewed second- and third-year students of three health courses to identify university students' estimates for drug use (perceived norm), the rate of drug use among the subjects (real norm); compare the estimates with the actual frequency; and identify in what conditions the drugs are used. Students overestimated their peers' use of tobacco, marijuana and cocaine in life and over the last 12 months. Alcohol was an exception. The rate values reported by sample students and the general estimated use were rather close. Drugs are usually consumed at parties and among friends from the university. Data analysis was performed in the light of the Social Norms Theory, Causal Attribution and Normalization.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692009000700022 | DOI Listing |
BMC Oral Health
January 2025
Departments of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Background: Different countries have varying dental specialities, shaped by diverse factors. The determinants influencing the development of these specialities differ between developed and developing countries. This study aimed to explore the factors contributing to the establishment of dental specialities in Iran, a developing country with a wide range of recognised dental specialities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Med Educ
January 2025
Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Aims: This study evaluates both financial and non-financial preferences of nursing students to choose a hospital for work in future.
Background: In Iran's healthcare system, the persistent shortage and uneven distribution of nurses have been significant challenges. Addressing such issues requires attention to nurses' preferences, which can be instrumental in designing effective interventions.
Mol Cell Biochem
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
Chronic/heavy exposure with ethanol is associated with risk of type 2 diabetes, due to β-cells dysfunction. It has been reported that ethanol can induce oxidative stress directly or indirectly by involvement of mitochondria. We aimed to explore the protective effects of the crocin/gallic acid/L-alliin as natural antioxidants separately on ethanol-induced mitochondrial damage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Hernia Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
Three-dimensional (3D) printed surgical models provide an excellent surgical training option to closely mimic real operations to teach medical students who currently rely largely on visual learning aided with simple suturing pads. There is an unmet need to create simple to complex surgical training programs suitable for medical students. A prospective cohort study was conducted on a group of 16 6th year students.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSoc Sci Med
December 2024
Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art at the University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. Electronic address:
Purpose: To create and implement a Whole Personhood in Medical Education curriculum including Visual Thinking Strategies (VTS), close reading, and creative practice that features creative works by BIPOC, persons with disability, and/or LGBTQ + individuals that aligns with educational competencies.
Materials And Methods: Curriculum design by an interdisciplinary team made up of physician educators, medical sociologist, digital collection librarian, and art museum educators. Prospective single arm intervention study at a single site academic teaching hospital.
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