Although small arms ranges are known to be contaminated with lead, the full extent of metal contamination has not been described, nor has the oral bioavailability of lead in these soils. In this work, soil samples from ranges with diverse geochemical backgrounds were sieved to <250 microm and analyzed for total metal content. Soils had consistently high levels of lead and copper, ranging from 4549 to 24 484 microg/g and 223 to 2936 microg/g, respectively, while arsenic, antimony, nickel, and zinc concentrations were 100-fold lower. For lead bioavailability measurements, two widely accepted methods were used: an in vivo juvenile swine relative bioavailability method measuring lead absorption from ingested soils relative to equivalent lead acetate concentrations and an in vitro bioaccessibility procedure which measured acid-extractable lead as a percent of total lead in the soil. For eight samples, the mean relative bioavailability and bioaccessibility of lead for the eight soils was about 100% (108 +/- 18% and 95 +/- 6%, respectively) showing good agreement between both methods. Risk assessment and/or remediation of small arms ranges should therefore assume high bioavailability of lead.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es901834h | DOI Listing |
Anticancer Drugs
January 2025
Department of Breast Surgery, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated Hospital of XuZhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China.
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of pyrotinib, an orally administered small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in treating patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer. Pyrotinib works by inhibiting the HER2 signaling pathway, thereby preventing tumor cell growth. This single-arm clinical trial aimed to assess the total pathological complete response (tpCR; ypT0/is and ypN0) rate as the primary endpoint.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Soc Cardiovasc Angiogr Interv
December 2024
Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
Background: The mechanistic association between the hydraulic forces generated during contrast injection and the risk of coronary injury is poorly understood. In this study, we sought to evaluate whether contrast injections increase intracoronary pressures beyond resting levels and estimate the risk of hydraulic propagation of coronary dissections.
Methods: This is a prospective, single-arm, multicenter study that included patients with nonculprit, non-flow-limiting coronaries.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
January 2025
Cochrane Switzerland, c/o Cochrane Germany Foundation, Freiburg, Germany.
Background: Chronic diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Much of this burden can be prevented by adopting healthy behaviours and reducing chronic disease risk factors. Settings-based approaches to address chronic disease risk factors are recommended globally.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFContemp Clin Trials Commun
February 2025
Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Center for Health Information Partnerships, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA.
Background: Unhealthy alcohol use is a leading cause of preventable mortality and a risk factor for an array of social and health problems. The Intervention in Small primary care Practices to Implement Reduction in unhealthy alcohol use (INSPIRE) study is part of a nationwide campaign to improve the identification and treatment of patients engaging in unhealthy alcohol use.
Methods: We conducted a single arm, pragmatic study consisting of seventeen primary care practices in the Chicago metropolitan area, Wisconsin, and California across two waves with a 6-month latent period, a 12-month intervention period, followed by a 6-month sustainability period.
JMIR Form Res
January 2025
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Medical Sciences Building II, Room 4741, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States, 1 734-647-2964.
Background: Insulin resistance and the G allele of rs738409 interact to create a greater risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.
Objective: This study aims to confirm that one promising way to reduce insulin resistance is by following a very low-carbohydrate (VLC) dietary pattern.
Methods: Adults with rs738409-GG or -CG with liver steatosis and elevated liver function tests, were taught an ad libitum VLC diet, positive affect and mindful eating skills, goal setting, and self-monitoring and given feedback and coaching for 4 months.
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