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Epidemiological situation of bovine and bubaline tuberculosis in the state of Pará, Amazon region of Brazil.
Front Vet Sci
November 2024
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Introduction: Bovine tuberculosis is one of the primary infectious diseases affecting cattle. Although several countries have managed to eradicate this zoonosis it remains endemic and uncontrolled across many countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. Brazil launched its national control and eradication program in 2001, and since then, epidemiological studies have been carried out to define optimal control strategies and to enable the management of the process in each region.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAccuracy of Xpert and alternative sampling methods to diagnose childhood pulmonary tuberculosis, a prospective cohort study.
Clin Microbiol Infect
November 2024
Unité d'Epidémiologie et de Recherche Clinique, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to assess the effectiveness (sensitivity and specificity) of various diagnostic tests for childhood pulmonary tuberculosis (CPTB) using latent class analysis, given the lack of definitive reference standards.
- Conducted in the Ivory Coast, Madagascar, and Cameroon with 1,165 children suspected of having CPTB, multiple tests were evaluated, including smear microscopy, culture, and Xpert on different sample types.
- Results indicated that while smear microscopy was very specific, it had low sensitivity across all sample types; Xpert showed better sensitivity, particularly in gastric and nasopharyngeal aspirates, suggesting a potentially effective diagnostic strategy for CPTB.
Performance of Current Diagnostic Tools in Detecting Latent Tuberculosis Among Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review.
Cureus
October 2024
Microbiology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, IND.
Testing for latent tuberculosis infection is essential for diagnosing infections in asymptomatic individuals. Preventing the transition of latent to active tuberculosis is imperative, especially in high-risk populations such as healthcare workers. Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) and the Mantoux/tuberculin skin test (TST) are two examples of diagnostic instruments utilized for detection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEfficient Workflow Analysis to Address Paper Persistence in Tuberculin Testing.
Stud Health Technol Inform
July 2024
Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA.
Article Synopsis
- Many Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems still rely on paper processes due to complex workflows where multiple stakeholders are involved over time.
- The study focuses on improving the Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) testing workflow by analyzing and replacing the paper process, resulting in a significant increase in timely documentation of Tuberculin Skin Tests (TST).
- By applying human-centered design practices and automating certain steps, the new electronic workflow not only enhanced documentation rates (from 57% to 95%) but also proved to be implementable with limited resources, making it more efficient for clinical settings.
Article Synopsis
- Granuloma annulare is a noninfectious skin condition that appears as red or skin-colored plaques and can be difficult to diagnose due to its varied appearance, requiring correlation between clinical and histological findings.
- A case involving a 56-year-old woman who developed rashes after a tuberculin skin test is presented, with biopsy confirming granuloma annulare; treatment with topical and oral medications led to resolution of her symptoms.
- The exact cause of granuloma annulare remains unclear, with various potential triggers like trauma, infections, and immunizations; while it has different forms and mimics other skin diseases, it is generally a benign and self-limited condition.
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