DNA transposons are considered to be good candidates for developing tools for genome engineering, insertional mutagenesis and gene delivery for therapeutic purposes, as illustrated by the recent first clinical trial of a transposon. In this article we set out to highlight the interest of patent information, and to develop a strategy for the technological development of transposon tools, similar to what has been done in many other fields. We propose a patent landscape for transposon tools, including the changes in international patent applications, and review the leading inventors and applicants. We also provide an overview of the potential patent portfolio for the prokaryotic and eukaryotic transposons that are exploited by spin-off companies. Finally, we discuss the difficulties involved in tracing relevant state-of-the-art of articles and patent documents, based on the example of one of the most promising transposon systems, including all the impacts on the technological development of transposon tools.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10709-009-9426-3 | DOI Listing |
Adv Gerontol
January 2025
Bashkir State Medical University, 3 Lenin str., Ufa 450008, Russian Federation, e-mail:
Data accumulated in scientific literature indicate that Parkinson's disease develops after infections caused by SARS-CoV-2, West Nile, Coxsackie, St. Louis viruses, Japanese encephalitis B, hepatitis B and C, influenza A, HIV, herpes viruses, flaviviruses. Neuroinvasive West Nile viruses and HIV activate expression of alpha-synuclein.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEpigenetics Chromatin
December 2024
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
DNA methylation is an essential epigenetic mechanism for regulation of gene expression, through which many physiological (X-chromosome inactivation, genetic imprinting, chromatin structure and miRNA regulation, genome defense, silencing of transposable elements) and pathological processes (cancer and repetitive sequences-associated diseases) are regulated. Nanopore sequencing has emerged as a novel technique that can analyze long strands of DNA (long-read sequencing) without chemically treating the DNA. Interestingly, nanopore sequencing can also extract epigenetic status of the nucleotides (including both 5-Methylcytosine and 5-hydroxyMethylcytosine), and a large variety of bioinformatic tools have been developed for improving its detection properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Exp Bot
December 2024
Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Acad Sci, Šlechtitelů 31, Olomouc 77900, Czech Republic.
Cytosine (DNA) methylation plays important roles in silencing transposable elements, plant development, genomic imprinting, stress responses, and maintenance of genome stability. To better understand the functions of this epigenetic modification, several tools have been developed to manipulate DNA methylation levels. These include mutants of DNA methylation writers and readers, targeted manipulation of locus-specific methylation, and the use of chemical inhibitors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Plant Sci
December 2024
Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States.
Two symbiotic processes, nodulation and arbuscular mycorrhiza, are primarily controlled by the plant's need for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), respectively. Autoregulation of nodulation (AON) and autoregulation of mycorrhizal symbiosis (AOM) both negatively regulate their respective processes and share multiple components-plants that make too many nodules usually have higher arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungal root colonization. The protein TML (TOO MUCH LOVE) was shown to function in roots to maintain susceptibly to rhizobial infection under low N conditions and control nodule number through AON in .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
November 2024
Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Healthy Livestock Farming, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China.
The CRISPR-Cas system functions as an adaptive immune mechanism in archaea and bacteria, providing defense against the invasion of foreign nucleic acids. Most CRISPR-Cas systems are classified into class 1 or class 2, with further subdivision into several subtypes. The primary distinction between class 1 and class 2 systems lies in the assembly of their effector modules.
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