Functional foods and nutraceuticals are becoming popular alternatives to pharmacological treatments by providing health benefits and (or) reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Flaxseed is a rich source of 3 components with demonstrated cardioprotective effects: the omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), dietary fibre, and phytoestrogen lignans. Multiple clinical dietary intervention trials report that consuming flaxseed daily can modestly reduce circulating total cholesterol (TC) by 6%-11% and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol by 9%-18% in normolipemic humans and by 5%-17% for TC and 4%-10% for LDL cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic patients, as well as lower various markers associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in humans. Evidence to date suggests that the dietary fibre and (or) lignan content of flaxseed provides the hypocholesterolemic action. The omega-3 ALA found in the flaxseed oil fraction also contributes to the antiatherogenic effects of flaxseed via anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative mechanisms. Dietary flaxseed may also protect against ischemic heart disease by improving vascular relaxation responses and by inhibiting the incidence of ventricular fibrillation.
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Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to assess differences in response to flaxseed lignan complex (FLC) among apolipoprotein E genotypes in older adults with type 2 diabetes.
- Sixteen participants underwent a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, evaluating seven health measures related to diabetes, including blood pressure and cholesterol levels.
- The results suggested that the 3/4 genotype showed a positive response in blood pressure measures but may not benefit from FLC in managing cholesterol levels, while those with the 2/4 genotype did not show any significant benefits at all.
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