Characterization of GPIT-1 and GPIT-2, two auxiliary components of the Neurospora crassa GPI transamidase complex.

The glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) transamidase contains five known subunits and functions in the lumen of the ER to produce GPI-anchored proteins. The transamidase cleaves proteins containing a GPI anchor attachment signal at their C terminus and generates an amide bond between the newly generated carboxyl terminus of the protein and a GPI anchor. We have identified and characterized GPIT-1 and GPIT-2, two of the transamidase subunits from Neurospora crassa. GPIT-1 and GPIT-2 are homologs of the human PIG-T and PIG-U transamidase subunits respectively. We demonstrated that GPIT-2 is required for the addition of GPI anchors onto GPI-anchored proteins. We employed the Neurospora RIP (repeat-induced point mutation) phenomenon to generate 106 "noncritical" amino acid changes in GPIT-1 and 84 "noncritical" amino acid changes in GPIT-2. We used the data to evaluate three-dimensional models for the structures of GPIT-1 and GPIT-2. The mutational data for GPIT-1 is consistent with a multiple-blade propeller structure containing a central channel. The mutational analysis for GPIT-2 supports a structural model based on the karyopherin alpha subunit.