The one-step condensation between the Green Fluorescence Protein (GFP) chromophore and 1H-imidazole-5-carbaldehyde catalyzed by ZnCl(2) proved to be a facile method to synthesize the red Kaede chromophore and its derivatives (1a-d, 2, and 3 > 70%), among which 1a then demonstrated its potential as a dye in solar cell, with a moderate conversion efficiency (eta) of 3.04%.
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Substituent effects on the photophysics of the kaede chromophore.
Phys Chem Chem Phys
November 2024
School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
Kaede is the prototype of the optical highlighter proteins, which are an important subclass of the fluorescent proteins that can be permanently switched from green to red emitting forms by UV irradiation. This transformation has important applications in bioimaging. Optimising brightness, enhancing fluorescence characteristics, in these proteins is an important objective.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCapturing excited-state structural snapshots of evolutionary green-to-red photochromic fluorescent proteins.
Front Chem
December 2023
Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.
Photochromic fluorescent proteins (FPs) have proved to be indispensable luminous probes for sophisticated and advanced bioimaging techniques. Among them, an interplay between photoswitching and photoconversion has only been observed in a limited subset of Kaede-like FPs that show potential for discovering the key mechanistic steps during green-to-red photoconversion. Various spectroscopic techniques including femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS), X-ray crystallography, and femtosecond transient absorption were employed on a set of five related FPs with varying photoconversion and photoswitching efficiencies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCharacterization of recombinant photoconverting green fluorescent Akanes.
J Biochem
December 2023
School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University. 1-15-1, Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan.
Akanes are fluorescent proteins that have several fluorescence maxima. In this report, Akane1 and Akane3 from Scleronephthya gracillima were selected, successfully overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity chromatography. Fluorescence spectra of the recombinant Akanes matured in darkness, or ambient light were found to have several fluorescence peaks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhotophysics of the red-form Kaede chromophore.
Chem Sci
April 2023
School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia Norwich Norfolk NR4 7TJ UK
The green fluorescent protein (GFP) drove revolutionary progress in bioimaging. Photoconvertible fluorescent proteins (PCFPs) are an important branch of the FP family, of which Kaede is the prototype. Uniquely, PCFPs can be permanently switched from green to red emitting forms on UV irradiation, facilitating applications in site-specific photolabelling and protein tracking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo twist or not to twist: From chromophore structure to dynamics inside engineered photoconvertible and photoswitchable fluorescent proteins.
Protein Sci
January 2023
Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Green-to-red photoconvertible fluorescent proteins are important tools for advanced imaging techniques in science.
- A special version called LEA helps scientists understand how these proteins evolved from the original green fluorescent protein.
- Researchers discovered that a specific amino acid (Ala69) in LEA plays a key role in helping it change colors, and they used advanced methods to study how this process happens really quickly.
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