We studied population polymorphism of active nucleolar organizing regions in residents of the Kursk region and the association of activity of chromosomal nucleolar organizing regions with intensity of the synthesis of erythrocyte membrane protein. We revealed a tendency towards increasing of the amount of the major erythrocyte membrane proteins (primarily, spectrins and band 5 protein) with increasing total transcriptional activity of nucleolar organizing regions of chromosomes. The intensity of protein synthesis affects cell proliferation, determines the rate of tissue growth and its function, which determines its participation in the development of various diseases.
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