Bioassay-guided column chromatographic separation of the methanolic extract of dried aerial parts of Piper kadsura (Piperaceae) led to the isolation of a new neolignan, piperkadsin C (1), together with eight known neolignans (2-9). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by combined spectroscopic methods. The anti-neuroinflammatory activities of these compounds were evaluated by assessing nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-activated BV-2 cells, a microglia cell line. Piperkadsin C (1) and futoquinol (2) potently inhibited NO production with an IC(50) value of 14.6 and 16.8microM in microglia cells, respectively. Compounds 3, 4, 5, 8, and 9 also exhibited moderate inhibition of NO production in BV-2 cells.
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