AI Article Synopsis
- The study examines how effective magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) precipitation is for reducing ammonia levels in landfill leachate.
- MAP precipitation was tested in a lab by adding phosphoric acid and magnesium oxide, achieving up to 95% ammonia removal by adjusting the magnesium ratio.
- The resulting struvite showed low heavy metal content, making it safe for use as fertilizer, and the process cost was estimated at €9.6 per kg of ammonia removed, which could be decreased by factoring in the value of the produced struvite.
Article Abstract
The present paper reports the results of an investigation aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of magnesium ammonium phosphate precipitation (MAP), commonly called struvite, for removing ammonia from a mature municipal landfill leachate. MAP precipitation was carried out at laboratory scale by adding phosphoric acid and magnesium oxide as external sources of phosphorus and magnesium, respectively, and regulating the pH at 9.0. The effect of Mg:NH(4):PO(3) ratio was studied. Due to the low solubility of MgO, a low ammonia removal efficiency (i.e. 67%), with a rather high residual concentration, was obtained when the stoichiometric molar ratio was applied. However, by doubling the amount of magnesium oxide (i.e. by using a molar ratio of 2:1:1), ammonia removal efficiency increased up to 95% with a residual concentration compatible with a successive biological treatment. The struvite produced in the present study showed a composition close to the theoretical one. Furthermore, the precipitate was characterized by a heavy metal content much lower than that of typical raw soil, excluding any concern about heavy metal contamination in the case of its use as a fertilizer. The economic analysis of the process showed that ammonia can be removed at a cost of 9.6 euro/kg NH(4)-N(removed). This value can be greatly reduced, however, if the value of the struvite produced is considered.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.10.013 | DOI Listing |
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