Background: Little is known about the ocular penetration following intrastromal or intracameral injection of amphotericin B (AMB), the current drug of choice in fungal keratitis. Concentrations of AMB were investigated in the cornea and aqueous humor of rabbits after using one of three different routes of administration: topical 0.25% AMB eye drops and intrastromal and intracameral injection of AMB (10 microg).
Methods: Forty-five healthy rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups. The eyes of group A and group B received a 0.1-ml intrastromal and intracameral injection, respectively, containing 10 microg AMB. Group C received topical 0.25% AMB (corneal epithelium debrided, every 5 min for 30 min). Cornea and aqueous humor concentrations of AMB after 30 min, 6 h, 1, 3 and 7 days were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Results: After a single injection, effective drug levels were achieved in corneas in group A, maintained for 7 days, exceeding the minimum inhibitory concentration at which 90% of isolates are inhibited (MIC(90)) for a wide spectrum of fungi and molds. There were significant differences (p < 0.001) compared with group B and group C. Effective drug levels were achieved in the aqueous humor in group B at 30 min after a single injection, exceeding MIC(90), but drug levels decreased abruptly within 1 day. There were significant differences (p < 0.004) compared with group A and group C, and a considerable amount of AMB was detected in corneas and aqueous in group C within 1 day.
Conclusion: High drug levels can be reached that cover the MICs of most fungi in the rabbit cornea and aqueous humor after intrastromal and intracameral injection, respectively. Penetration of topical AMB greatly increased after epithelial abrasion.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000254566 | DOI Listing |
Jpn J Ophthalmol
January 2025
Institute for Photon Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
Purpose: There is no established method for visualizing the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the aqueous humor outflow tract. This study attempted to visualize the 3D structures of porcine and human ocular tissues, particularly the aqueous humor outflow tract using a transparency reagent composed of 2, 2-thiodiethanol.
Study Design: Clinical and experimental.
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology and Micro-Technology, Yokohama City University, 4-57 Urafunecho, Minami-ku, Yokohama, 232-0024, Kanagawa, Japan.
Purpose: To investigate whether sub-Tenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide (STTA) combined with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) prolongs the recurrence intervals of macular edema (ME) for chronic retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and to investigate the differences in intraocular inflammatory cytokines between good responders (GRs) and non-responders (NRs).
Methods: This retrospective, observational study involved 42 eyes of 42 patients with ME due to chronic RVO who had received only anti-VEGF for ≥ 1 year and were transitioned to combination therapy. GRs were defined as patients whose recurrence intervals were prolonged by ≥ 2 weeks compared with patients receiving anti-VEGF alone.
Small
January 2025
College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, National United Engineering Laboratory of Functionalized Environmental Adsorption Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
Although the design of photocatalysts incorporating donor-acceptor units has garnered significant attention for its potential to enhance the efficiency of the photocatalysis process, the primary bottleneck lies in the challenge of generating long-lived charge separation states during exciton separation. Therefore, a novel Janus-nanomicelles photocatalyst is developed using carbazole (Cz) as the donor unit, perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxydiimide (PDI) with long-excited state as the acceptor unit and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the hydrophilic segment through ROMP polymerization. After optimizing the ratio, Cz-PDI-PEG rapidly adsorbs bisphenol A (BPA) within 10 s through π-π interaction, hydrogen-bonding interaction, and hydrophobic interaction between BPA and hydrophobic blocks when exposed to aqueous humor and efficiently photodegrades BPA (50 ppm) within 120 min for water purification purposes due to its long-lived charge separation state and achieving the highest reported efficiency so far.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Vet Med Sci
January 2025
Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University.
This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of water-dispersible hesperetin (WD-Hpt) in an endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) rat model. The rats were orally administered 10, 25, or 50 mg/kg WD-Hpt immediately after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection at the concentration of 200 μg. Clinical scores, cellular inflammation, the aqueous humor (ApH) protein concentration, as well as the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in AqH, and histopathological grades were assessed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrcis: Trabecular cutting minimally invasive glaucoma surgery like bent ab interno needle goniectomy (BANG) when performed in baseline aqueous angiography identified low aqueous humor outflow regions, results in greater success of intraocular pressure reduction.
Purpose: To study the efficacy of Bent Ab Interno Needle Goniectomy (BANG) in high versus low aqueous humor outflow (AHO) regions as determined by Aqueous Angiography(AA) in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).
Methods: A prospective, single-centre, pilot, randomized control trial recruited 30 eyes of 30 patients of POAG and visually significant cataract (45-80 y) and were randomised into two groups ("A": BANG performed in the high-flow regions and "B": BANG performed in the low-flow regions) of 15 each.
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