A short and straightforward synthesis of the antihistaminic drug mequitazine is reported, based on an efficient palladium catalyzed allylic alkylation of 1-aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-en-3-ylmethyl acetate using sodium phenothiazinate in mild conditions.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.57.1300 | DOI Listing |
BMC Nephrol
December 2024
Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
Background: Although Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) were mostly prescribed for gastrointestinal (GI) disease widely, there were numerous studies about PPIs and adverse renal outcome. Most evidence was to evaluate the risk of PPIs in patients with normal renal function and in the absence of the moderate to advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study focuses on the accelerated progression of renal function following proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) use, and the increased risks of acute kidney injury (AKI) among moderate to advanced CKD (pre-ESRD) patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGut
December 2024
Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
PLoS One
December 2024
Research Group Energy Metabolism and Epigenetics, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.
Butyrate has been proposed as a drug therapy by acting as a lysine deacetylase (KDAC) inhibitor and elevating protein acetylation, in particular on histones. Nonetheless, recent studies suggest that tissues such as the gut can utilize butyrate as a metabolite. We have previously shown that the addition of butyrate induces a rapid increase of oxygen consumption in whole Drosophila melanogaster heads.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJAAPA
January 2025
At the University of Toledo in Toledo, Ohio, Andrew Overholser is an assistant professor in the PA program and practices in the Department of Family Medicine, Megan Sizemore is an assistant professor and clinical pharmacist in the Department of Family Medicine, and Eric Czech is an assistant professor in the PA program and practices in the Department of Family Medicine. The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.
The Institute for Safe Medication Practices and the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists have advocated for removing all injectable promethazine from inpatient and outpatient settings; however, this drug is still being used despite the risk for tissue necrosis, gangrene, and possible amputation when it inadvertently is given by the subcutaneous or intra-arterial route. This article describes alternative injectable medications that can be selected based on patient comorbidities, indications, and clinician experience.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Pharmacol Toxicol
December 2024
Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
Background: H1-antihistamines are widely used to treat symptoms depending on histamine release in a variety of conditions. However, neurological adverse events have been reported in post-marketing surveillance studies and there are limited literatures comparing the neurological disorders associated with newer-generation H1-antihistamines from real-world datasets.
Aims: We performed a comparative analysis of nervous system disorders and several newer-generation H1-antihistamines including: cetirizine, loratadine, levocetirizine, desloratadine and fexofenadine.
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