We have studied by means of glass electrodes the hydrogen ion concentration of the blood of chicken embryos from 8 to 20 days. When plotted as a curve, the average data show that a constant change takes place in the measurement, being acid at the beginning of this period and becoming alkaline toward its end. The acid reaction we think was characteristic not only of the embryos of fowl, but of the fetuses of cats and indeed as Warburg has shown of rapidly growing tissue in general. We have suggested the possibility, though we have no data to substantiate the suggestion, that the hydrogen ion concentration may under conditions like these, seeing that the curve of change resembles that of oxygen consumption, be expressive of changes in the rate of metabolism.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.12.3.463 | DOI Listing |
Emerg Microbes Infect
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Liaoning Panjin Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
The H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) is widely distributed among poultry and wild birds and is also a threat to humans. During AIV active surveillance in Liaoning province from 2015 to 2016, we identified ten H9N2 strains exhibiting different lethality to chick embryos. Two representative strains, A/chicken/China/LN07/2016 (CKLN/07) and A/chicken/China/LN17/2016 (CKLN/17), with similar genomic background but different chick embryo lethality, were chosen to evaluate the molecular basis for this difference.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDev Biol
January 2025
University of Aberdeen, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK. Electronic address:
Signals from the lens regulate multiple aspects of eye development, including establishment of eye size, patterning of the presumptive iris and ciliary body in the anterior optic cup and migration and differentiation of neural crest cells. To advance understanding of the molecular mechanism by which the lens regulates eye development, we performed transcriptome profiling of embryonic chicken retinas after lens removal. Genes associated with nervous system development were upregulated in lens-removed eyes, but the presumptive ciliary body and iris region did not adopt a neural retina identity following lens removal.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPoult Sci
December 2024
Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. Electronic address:
The expression of maternal derived antibodies (MDAs) and avian β-defensins (AvBDs) in yolk sac tissue may be age-specific and influenced by breed, thereby immunological window difference in hatchlings. This study investigated the mRNA expression of MDAs and AvBDs in the yolk sac tissues of Beijing You and Hy-Line Gray chickens from the embryonic day (ED)7 to 3 days after hatch (DAH). Hy-Line showed a higher embryo bodyweight and a lower residual yolk weight at ED17 (P < 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVet Med (Praha)
November 2024
College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, P.R. China.
Pigeon paramyxovirus type-1 (PPMV-1) is the causative agent of pigeon Newcastle disease (ND), which has caused huge losses to the pigeon industry. In this study, a PPMV-1 strain, PPMV-1/QH-01/CH/23, was isolated from a sick racing pigeon in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China in 2023. The mean death time of chicken embryos and the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) were 76.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol
January 2025
Developmental Integrative Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX 76203, United States of America.
Bird nests of coastal or inland breeding birds can temporarily flood during high tides or storms. However, respiratory physiological disruption of such water submersion and implications for post-submergence survival are poorly understood. We hypothesized that respiratory physiological disturbances caused by submersion would be rapidly corrected following return to normal gas exchange across the eggshell, thus explaining survival of nest inundation in the field.
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