In mice affected with equine encephalomyelitis, the first pathological disturbance in infant animals is an inflammatory reaction, which is usually less pronounced in adult animals. A characteristic type of parenchymal damage appears to be independent of the inflammation. In such foci of injury there is initially a vacuolation of intercellular tissue. Neurones in such areas are at first intact, later show cytoplasmic changes, and finally nuclear alterations. Complete disintegration of tissue and all its elements may be the end result.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.71.1.107 | DOI Listing |
J Vet Intern Med
January 2025
Department Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain.
Background: Understanding of equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) myeloencephalopathy (EHM) is complicated by disparities among studies.
Objective: Compare clinical findings and outcome in horses involved in 2 recent EHM outbreaks.
Animals: Twenty-five and 10 horses affected during 2 natural EHM outbreaks were admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital (VTH) in 2021 and 2023, respectively.
Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Department of Preclinical and Basic Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that, among humans, can cause a severe and often fatal illness. The zoonotic EEEV enzootic cycle involves a cycle of transmission between and avian hosts, frequently resulting in spillover to dead-end vertebrate hosts such as humans and horses. Interestingly, it has been described that the W132G mutation of the very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), the receptor of EEEV, significantly enhanced the VLDLR-mediated cell attachment of EEEV.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
January 2025
Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States.
Neurotropic alphaviruses such as Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) are critical human pathogens that continually expand to naïve populations and for which there are no licensed vaccines or therapeutics. VEEV is highly infectious via the aerosol route and is a recognized weaponizable biothreat that causes neurological disease in humans. The neuropathology of VEEV has been attributed to an inflammatory immune response in the brain yet the underlying mechanisms and specific immune cell populations involved are not fully elucidated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Vet Intern Med
December 2024
Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.
Background: Evaluating antibody titers for Sarcocystis neurona for the diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis from serum samples is a common practice. However, ensuring timely and proper refrigeration is not always possible.
Objectives: To evaluate immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) titers for S.
Medicina (B Aires)
December 2024
Clínica La Pequeña Familia, Junín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Western equine encephalitis is a zoonotic viral disease transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito. Humans are terminal hosts and since they develop a very low and short lasting viremia, they are incapable of transmitting the disease. Most cases are asymptomatic, but it can present with high fever, myalgia and encephalitis or meningitis.
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