1. A quantitative study has been made of the effect on the precipitin reaction between the specific polysaccharide of Type III pneumococcus and the homologous antibody of salt concentrations ranging from O.1 M to 1.79 M, including the effect of ions of higher valence. 2. Within these limits, observed decreases in precipitated antibody with increasing salt concentration appear to be due to a decrease in the amount of antibody combined with the S III, rather than to an increase in solubility of the S III-antibody compounds. 3. The egg albumin-antibody reaction is far less sensitive to changes in salt concentration than is the S III-antibody reaction.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.63.6.819 | DOI Listing |
Front Allergy
July 2024
Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
In the United States, 19 allergen extracts of different specificities are standardized, which means that their potencies are determined in comparison to a US reference standard. For cat allergen extracts, potency is determined by measuring Fel d 1 content expressed in in Fel d 1 units, and with a unitage that correlates with skin test reactions (bioequivalent allergy units or BAU). Currently, Fel d 1 content is measured with a radial immunodiffusion (RID) assay that uses polyclonal sheep antisera to detect the allergenic protein by producing a white precipitin line in agar gel.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTalanta
September 2024
Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address:
Immunodiffusion tests offer a simple yet powerful method for detecting protein antigens, but their long assay times hinder clinical utility. We unveil the complex interplay of parameters governing this process using finite element simulations. By meticulously validating our model against real-world data, we elucidate how initial concentrations and diffusivities of antigen and antibody shape the intensity, size, and formation time of the precipitin ring.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOccup Med (Lond)
December 2022
Department of Occupational Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University and the L. Pasteur University Hospital, Rastislavova, Kosice, Slovak Republic.
Background: Outbreaks of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) are not uncommon in workplaces where metalworking fluids (MWFs) are used. The recirculation of MWFs leads to microbiological contamination, which is responsible for outbreaks. Most outbreak reports come from USA and the UK; however, no similar reports have been published from Central Europe.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Tuberc Lung Dis
July 2021
Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK, Global Action Fund for Fungal Infections, Geneva, Switzerland.
Significant innovations in the past decade have resulted in more sensitive and faster diagnosis of allergic, chronic and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, as well as bronchitis and nodules. This new diagnostic landscape has revealed that the incidence and prevalence of aspergillosis is substantially higher than previously understood, and is summarised in this review. Oral and intravenous antifungal treatment offers good clinical response rates for affected patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Proteome Res
May 2021
Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
New approaches to rapid, simple, diagnostic immunoassays that do not rely on centralized laboratory facilities are urgently needed for disease diagnosis and to inform treatment strategies. The recent and ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized that rapid diagnostics are needed to help guide government policies on quarantines, social distancing measures, and community lockdowns. A common approach to developing new immunoassays is to modify existing platforms (, automated ELISA and lateral flow assays) for the new analyte, even though this does not address the drawbacks of existing platforms.
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