The results of the work presented in the present paper show that louping ill and poliomyelitis immunologically are not closely related. Although relatively few experiments were performed, the data obtained were sufficiently decisive for our purposes. Certainly nothing was found to indicate that one might be able to immunize human beings against poliomyelitis by the use of louping ill virus. In addition to the negative findings, a certain amount of useful information was also secured, namely, (1) monkeys can be solidly immunized against louping ill by intraperitoneal injections of virus and partially protected by intramuscular administrations of the active agent, (2) during the process of immunization no signs of involvement of the central nervous system are manifested, and (3) sera from monkeys immunized in the manner described contain antibodies capable of neutralizing the virus.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.57.6.955 | DOI Listing |
Viruses
January 2025
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy.
The European subtype of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV-Eur; species , family ) was the only tick-borne flavivirus present in central Europe known to cause neurologic disease in humans and several animal species. Here, we report a tick-borne flavivirus isolated from Alpine chamois () with encephalitis and attached ticks, present over a wide area in the Alps. Cases were detected in 2017 in Salzburg, Austria, and 2023 in Lombardy and Piedmont, Italy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTicks Tick Borne Dis
November 2024
Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, UK; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are found throughout the United Kingdom (UK), and can reach high population densities in urban areas. They are often infested with ticks which may carry tick-borne pathogens, leading to a risk of transmission to domestic animals and humans. This study investigated the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in ticks sourced from red fox carcasses across Great Britain between 2018 and 2022.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTicks Tick Borne Dis
November 2024
UCD School of Veterinary Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. Electronic address:
Ixodes ricinus is the most important tick vector in central and western Europe and one of the most researched parasites. However, in the published literature on the tick and the pathogens it transmits, conjecture about specific transmission cycles and the clinical significance of certain microbes is not always clearly separated from confirmed facts. This article aims to present up-to-date, evidence-based information about the well-researched human pathogens tick-borne encephalitis virus, louping-ill virus, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and several Babesia species, with a focus on their development in the tick, transmission dynamics and the reservoir hosts that support their circulation in the environment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVet Rec
October 2024
Virus Surveillance Unit, Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, UK.
Background: Louping ill virus (LIV) is a tick-borne flavivirus that can cause fatal meningoencephalomyelitis in dogs. Four dogs with confirmed LIV infection and a case series of dogs with suspected flavivirus infection have been reported in the UK. However, underreporting of LIV infection due to lack of testing is suspected.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA foxhound from a hunting kennel in the United Kingdom was euthanized after being hospitalized with progressive neurologic signs, including tremors, seizures, and obtunded mentation. No abnormalities were appreciated on gross examination. Histologically, severe meningoencephalomyelitis and mild neuritis of the brachial plexus were present.
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