By the suppression, through anaerobiosis, of the exotoxin-producing activity of Bacillus dysenteriae Shiga a pure endotoxin is produced directly from the culture. The duality of the poison of Shiga bacillus is further substantiated by studies on the diffusion of exotoxin, or neurotoxin, and endotoxin, or enterotoxin, by means of collodion sacs, implanted intraabdominally in rabbits or placed in vitro.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.37.6.767 | DOI Listing |
Chronic inflammation and heme-iron overload can result from bacterial hemolysis. Along with the synthetic drugs, numerous traditional and functional food approaches are equally trialed to eradicate the problem. As a prospective new source of dietary protein hydrolysates, freshwater mollusks () have recently drawn huge interest from researchers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Cell Infect Microbiol
December 2024
Gynaecology Department, Hua County People's Hospital, Anyang, China.
Introduction: The irrational use of antibiotics has facilitated the emergence of multidrug- resistant ., undermining the effectiveness of the currently available antibiotics. Consequently, there is an urgent need to explore new approaches, with phage therapy emerging as a promising alternative.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfect Immun
December 2024
Division of Clinical Medicine, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
infection poses a significant public health challenge in the developing world. However, lack of a widely available mouse model that replicates human shigellosis creates a major bottleneck to better understanding of disease pathogenesis and development of newer drugs and vaccines. BALB/c mice pre-treated with streptomycin and iron (FeCl) plus desferrioxamine intraperitoneally followed by oral infection with virulent resulted in diarrhea, loss of body weight, bacterial colonization and progressive colitis characterized by disruption of epithelial lining, loss of crypt architecture with goblet cell depletion, increased polymorphonuclear infiltration into the mucosa, submucosal swelling (edema), and raised proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the large intestine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Microbiol Biotechnol
December 2024
Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
Shiga toxins (Stxs), produced by serotype 1 and certain pathotypes, cause hemorrhagic colitis, which can progress to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and central nervous system (CNS) pathology. The underlying mechanisms of toxin-induced inflammation remain unclear. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and its downstream target, MAPKAPK2 (MK2), play key roles in various cellular responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Rev Microbiol
November 2024
Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Shigella sonnei is a major cause of diarrhoea globally and is increasing in prevalence relative to other Shigella because of multiple demographic and environmental influences. This single-serotype species has traditionally received less attention in comparison to Shigella flexneri and Shigella dysenteriae, which were more common in low-income countries and more tractable in the laboratory. In recent years, we have learned that Shigella are highly complex and highly susceptible to environmental change, as exemplified by epidemiological trends and increasing relevance of S.
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