Urinary incontinence--loss of voluntary control over the retention and expulsion of urine--is a common medical problem in small animal patients. Incontinence occur when pressure within the bladder exceeds urethral pressure. Incontinence may result from a variety of etiologies, including congenital anatomic abnormalities of the lower urinary and reproductive systems (ureter, bladder, bladder neck, urethra, vagina,vestibule) as well as neurologic, neoplastic, infectious, and inflammatory disease.
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