[Eosinophilic granuloma of the mandible--a case report].

Background: Langerhans cell histiocytosis is characterized by a clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells. The clinical manifestation varies from a localized lesion (eosinophilic granuloma) to a systemic disease. The diagnosis can only be confirmed histopathologically. A comprehensive staging is necessary to determine the extent of the disease and to establish an adequate therapy.

Case Report: We report on a 27 years old patient who was referred to our clinic with the diagnosis of an osteomyelitis of the mandibular angle and a pathological fracture after extraction of tooth 38 one month before. Curettage and primary bone grafting were performed. In the histological examination of the specimen infiltrates of a Langerhans cell histiocytosis were found. The clinical and radiological staging demonstrated a solitary mandibular lesion (eosinophilic granuloma). After wound healing a low-dose radiotherapy with 6 Gray was performed. Two years after completion of the therapy the patient is asymptomatic and does not show any evidence of recurrence.

Conclusion: Langerhans cell histiocytosis has to be included in the differential diagnosis of osteolytic lesions of the mandible. A low-dose radiotherapy is a reasonable and well-tolerated treatment option.