The successful treatment of nonunions represents a major challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. Lately, ongoing advances made in the field of molecular medicine and molecular biology have increased our understanding of the pathways and involvement of mediators surrounding the bone healing process. As a result, the surgeon's armamentarium has been increased in terms of options for intervention. This article aims to provide an overview of minimally invasive techniques applicable in the treatment of nonunions of fractures.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00264-009-0892-0 | DOI Listing |
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Professor of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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