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Some paintings may have hidden depictions beneath the visible surface, which can provide valuable insights into the artist's creative process and the genesis of the artwork. Studies have shown that these covered paintings can be revealed through image-based techniques and integrated data processing. This study analyzes an oil painting by Beceri from the mid-16th century depicting the Holy Family, owned by the Uffizi Galleries.

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Munda languages are father tongues, but Japanese and Korean are not.

Evol Hum Sci

May 2020

Linguistics Institute, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 49, CH 3012 Bern, Switzerland.

Over two decades ago, it was observed that the linguistic affinity of the language spoken by a particular population tended to correlate with the predominant paternal, i.e. Y-chromosomal, lineage found in that population.

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Article Synopsis
  • * While most animal species possess certain essential genes related to the MuvB complex, bilaterian nematodes lost these genes long ago, yet some conserved protein interactions remain, suggesting evolutionary links.
  • * Experiments show that the Myb protein from distant relatives can still interact with nematodes' LIN9 and LIN52 proteins, potentially activating gene expression similarly to what happens in other animals, hinting at an alternative regulatory pathway in nematodes.
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Studies of the voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels of extant gnathostomes have made it possible to deduce that ancestral gnathostomes possessed four voltage-gated sodium channel genes derived from a single ancestral chordate gene following two rounds of genome duplication early in vertebrates. We investigated the Nav gene family in two species of lampreys (the Japanese lamprey and sea lamprey ) (jawless vertebrates-agnatha) and compared them with those of basal vertebrates to better understand the origin of Nav genes in vertebrates. We noted six Nav genes in both lamprey species, but orthology with gnathostome (jawed vertebrate) channels was inconclusive.

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Ringiculid bubble snails recovered as the sister group to sea slugs (Nudipleura).

Sci Rep

August 2016

SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 München, Germany.

Euthyneuran gastropods represent one of the most diverse lineages in Mollusca (with over 30,000 species), play significant ecological roles in aquatic and terrestrial environments and affect many aspects of human life. However, our understanding of their evolutionary relationships remains incomplete due to missing data for key phylogenetic lineages. The present study integrates such a neglected, ancient snail family Ringiculidae into a molecular systematics of Euthyneura for the first time, and is supplemented by the first microanatomical data.

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