The incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been gradually increasing over the last three decades. Recent data have now attributed a viral aetiology to a subset of head and neck cancers. Several studies indicate that oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is likely to be sexually acquired. The dominance of HPV 16 in HPV+ HNSCC is even greater than that seen in cervical carcinoma of total worldwide cases. Strong evidence suggests that HPV+ status is an important prognostic factor associated with a favourable outcome in head and neck cancers. Approximately 30 to 40% of HNSCC patients with present with early stage I/II disease. These patients are treated with curative intent using single modality treatments either radiation or surgery alone. A non-operative approach is favored for patients in which surgery followed by either radiation alone or radiochemotherapy may lead to severe functional impairment. Cetuximab, a humanized mouse anti-EGFR IgG1 monoclonal antibody, improved locoregional control and overall survival in combination with radiotherapy in locally advanced tumours but at the cost of some increased cardiac morbidity and mortality. Finally, the improved prognosis and treatment responses to chemotherapy and radiotherapy by HPV+ tumours may suggest that HPV status detection is required to better plan and individualize patient treatment regimes.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1758-3284-1-36 | DOI Listing |
Mol Cancer
January 2025
Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 515150, China.
Background: Intratumor-resident bacteria represent an integral component of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Microbial dysbiosis, which refers to an imbalance in the bacterial composition and bacterial metabolic activities, plays an important role in regulating breast cancer development and progression. However, the impact of specific intratumor-resident bacteria on tumor progression and their underlying mechanisms remain elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Cancer
January 2025
Department of Tumor Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Aim: The study was designed to evaluate molecular alterations, relevant to the prognosis and personalized therapy of salivary gland cancers (SGCs).
Materials And Methods: DNA was extracted from archival tissue of 40 patients with various SGCs subtypes. A targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel was used for the identification of small-scale mutations, focal and chromosomal arm-level copy number changes.
Nat Med
January 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
The adoption of large language models (LLMs) in healthcare demands a careful analysis of their potential to spread false medical knowledge. Because LLMs ingest massive volumes of data from the open Internet during training, they are potentially exposed to unverified medical knowledge that may include deliberately planted misinformation. Here, we perform a threat assessment that simulates a data-poisoning attack against The Pile, a popular dataset used for LLM development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
This study addresses the limited noninvasive tools for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) progression-free survival (PFS) prediction by identifying Computed Tomography (CT)-based biomarkers for predicting prognosis. A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 203 HNSCC patients. An ensemble feature selection involving correlation analysis, univariate survival analysis, best-subset selection, and the LASSO-Cox algorithm was used to select functional features, which were then used to build final Cox Proportional Hazards models (CPH).
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