Nanoscale devices are being extensively studied for their tunable electronic and optical properties, but the influence of impurities and defects is amplified at these length scales and can lead to poorly understood variations in characteristics of semiconducting materials. By performing a large ensemble of photoconductivity measurements in nanogaps bridged by core-shell CdSe/ZnS semiconductor nanocrystals, we discover optoelectronic methods for affecting solid-state charge trap populations. We introduce a model that unifies previous work and transforms the problem of irreproducibility in nanocrystal electronic properties into a reproducible and robust photocurrent response due to trap state manipulation. Because traps dominate many physical processes, these findings may lead to improved performance and device tunability for various nanoscale applications through the control and optimization of impurities and defects.
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