Tay-Sachs disease is an autosomal recessive disorder of sphingolipid metabolism, caused by enzyme hexosaminidase A deficiency that leads to an accumulation of GM2 in neurocytes which results in progressive loss of neurological function. The accumulation of lipid in retinal ganglion cells that leads to a chalk-white appearance of the fundus called 'cherry red spot' is the hallmark of Tay-Sachs disease. It is also seen in others neurometabolic diseases as well as in central retinal artery occlusion. This case reports a child with Tay-Sachs disease in a family with four previous similar deaths without diagnostic.
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Unifying biology of neurodegeneration in lysosomal storage diseases.
J Inherit Metab Dis
January 2025
Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
There are currently at least 70 characterised lysosomal storage diseases (LSD) resultant from inherited single-gene defects. Of these, at least 30 present with central nervous system (CNS) neurodegeneration and overlapping aetiology. Substrate accumulation and dysfunctional neuronal lysosomes are common denominator, but how variants in 30 different genes converge on this central cellular phenotype is unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiagnosing Late-Onset Tay-Sachs Through Next Generation Sequencing and Functional Enzyme Testing: From Genes to Enzymes.
Neurol Genet
December 2024
From the School of Medicine (A.R.T., J.R.), The University of Queensland; Department of Neurology (W.R., P.A.M., R.D.H., L.V.), Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital; The University of Queensland (P.A.M., R.D.H., L.V.), UQ Centre for Clinical Research; and Genetic Health Queensland (J.R.), Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Tay-Sachs disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive neurologic impairment due to pathogenic variants in the gene that codes for the alpha subunit of β-hexosaminidase. We report 2 cases of adult-onset progressive weakness, ataxia, and neuropsychiatric symptoms in a 30-year-old man and 37-year-old woman. Both patients had compound heterozygosity in the gene with 4 distinct variants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTay-Sachs and Sandhoff Diseases: Diffusion tensor imaging and correlational fiber tractography findings differentiate late-onset GM2 Gangliosidosis.
medRxiv
December 2024
Office of the Clinical Director and Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda MD USA.
GM2 gangliosidosis is lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency of the heterodimeric enzyme β-hexosaminidase A. Tay-Sachs disease is caused by variants in encoding the α-subunit and Sandhoff disease is caused by variants in encoding the β-subunit. Due to shared clinical and biochemical findings, the two have been considered indistinguishable.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDysregulation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Promotion of Disease by IL-1β in a Murine Model of Sandhoff Disease.
Cells
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
Sandhoff disease (SD) is a progressive neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder characterized by GM2 ganglioside accumulation as a result of mutations in the gene, which encodes the β-subunit of the enzyme β-hexosaminidase. Lysosomal storage of GM2 triggers inflammation in the CNS and periphery. The NLRP3 inflammasome is an important coordinator of pro-inflammatory responses, and we have investigated its regulation in murine SD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrecise template-free correction restores gene function in Tay-Sachs disease while reframing is ineffective.
Mol Ther Nucleic Acids
March 2025
Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada.
Tay-Sachs disease is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations inactivating the metabolic enzyme HexA. The most common mutation is c.1278insTATC, a tandem 4-bp duplication disrupting expression by frameshift.
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