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Balancing consumption and constraint: Binge drinking, stimulant misuse, and relational capital among young adults.
Soc Sci Med
September 2022
Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
Peer relations inform consumption practices that shape both alcohol use and prescription drug misuse. Integrating studies on pharmaceutical cognitive enhancement with research on consumptive based edgework, this paper examines the role of psychostimulant medications in resolving contradictory aspects of contemporary peer building processes. Drawing on qualitative interviews (n = 162) from a U.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA role for cortical dopamine in the paradoxical calming effects of psychostimulants.
Sci Rep
February 2022
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Dr, ARB-R5-140, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Psychostimulants have a paradoxical calming effect in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but their mechanism of action is unclear. Studies using dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) knockout (KO) mice have suggested that the paradoxical calming effect of psychostimulants might occur through actions on serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission. However, newer non-stimulant drugs, such as atomoxetine and guanfacine, suggest that targeting the norepinephrine (NE) system in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) might explain this paradoxical calming effect.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFParadoxical anxiolytic effect of the 'bath salt' synthetic cathinone MDPV during early abstinence is inhibited by a chemokine CXCR4 or CCR5 receptor antagonist.
Drug Alcohol Depend
January 2022
Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address:
Chemokine CXCR4 and CCR5 receptors are best known as HIV co-entry receptors, but evidence that CXCR4 or CCR5 blockade reduces rewarding and locomotor-stimulant effects of psychostimulants in rats suggests a role in psychostimulant use disorders. We investigated the impact of CXCR4 or CCR5 receptor antagonism on anxiety-related effects of the synthetic cathinone 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) in the elevated zero-maze (EZM) assay. Rats exposed to a 4-day MDPV binge dosing paradigm and tested 24 or 72 h post-treatment spent more time in the open compartment at the 24-h time point but less time at the 72-h post-binge time point.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAmphetamine reduces reward encoding and stabilizes neural dynamics in rat anterior cingulate cortex.
Elife
August 2020
Canadian Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada.
Psychostimulants such as d-amphetamine (AMPH) often have behavioral effects that appear paradoxical within the framework of optimal choice theory. AMPH typically increases task engagement and the effort animals exert for reward, despite decreasing reward valuation. We investigated neural correlates of this phenomenon in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a brain structure implicated in signaling cost-benefit utility.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDopamine-mediated immunomodulation affects choroid plexus function.
Brain Behav Immun
October 2019
Genetics of Cognition Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy. Electronic address:
Immune system alterations have been implicated in various dopamine-related disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). How immunity might be influenced by dopaminergic dysfunction and impact on clinically-relevant behaviors is still uncertain. We performed a peripheral and cerebral immunophenotyping in mice bearing dopaminergic alteration produced by genetic liability (hypofunction of the dopamine transporter DAT) and psychostimulant (amphetamine) administration.
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