An isotopic radiation transmission technique for quantifying the spatial distribution of porosity in sedimentary rocks is presented. A device was designed and constructed to examine rock samples of volumes sufficiently large for studying solute migration in rocks, so that a one-millimeter spatial resolution is attained with measurement acquisition time of one point per second. The paper demonstrates how the device was optimized for these specifications, while abiding by the restrictions implicit in the utilization of the exponential law of radiation attenuation to quantify physical parameters. Total porosity was obtained from measurements of radiation attenuation in dry samples, while solute-accessible porosity was determined from measurements with samples saturated with either KNO(3) or KI solutions. Results are presented for three different rock types to demonstrate the capabilities and limitations of the technique.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.07.014 | DOI Listing |
Nanotechnology
January 2025
Electronic Sci.&Eng., Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road,Beilin District, Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province, China, Xi'an, 710049, CHINA.
The accurate estimation of the temperature distribution of the GaN based power devices and optimization of the device structure is of great significance to possibly solve the self-heating problem, which hinders the further enhancement of the device performances. We present here the operando temperature measurement with high spatial resolution using Raman spectroscopy of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with different device structures and explore the optimization of the device thermal design accordingly. The lateral and depth temperature distributions of the single-finger HEMT were characterized.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEpidemiol Serv Saude
January 2025
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Objective: To describe the mortality profile and analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of COVID-19 mortality among international migrants residing in Brazil from 2020 to 2022.
Methods: This is a descriptive and ecological cross-sectional study using secondary data. Absolute and relative frequencies of the sociodemographic profile and mortality coefficients (MCs) were analyzed.
PLoS Comput Biol
January 2025
European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Heidelberg, Germany.
The characterization of phenotypes in cells or organisms from microscopy data largely depends on differences in the spatial distribution of image intensity. Multiple methods exist for quantifying the intensity distribution - or image texture - across objects in natural images. However, many of these texture extraction methods do not directly adapt to 3D microscopy data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntegr Environ Assess Manag
January 2025
Federal University of the Agreste of Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Brazil.
The proliferation of cyanobacteria has become a significant water management challenge due to the increasing eutrophication of water supply reservoirs. Cyanobacterial blooms thrive on elevated nutrient concentrations and form extensive green mats, disrupting the local ecosystem. Furthermore, many cyanobacterial species can produce toxins that are lethal to vertebrates called cyanotoxins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev Lett
December 2024
University of Oregon, Department of Physics and Materials Science Institute, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA.
We consider many-particle diffusion in one spatial dimension modeled as "random walks in a random environment." A shared short-range space-time random environment determines the jump distributions that drive the motion of the particles. We determine universal power laws for the environment's contribution to the variance of the extreme first passage time and extreme location.
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