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'Some patients demand for a prescription of an antibiotic': an assessment of barriers and facilitators to rational antimicrobial use in a private health facility in Uganda.
JAC Antimicrob Resist
December 2024
Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, PO Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
Background: Antimicrobial misuse and overuse propagate antimicrobial resistance, yet data on factors influencing antibiotic prescription decisions in low-resource settings are limited. We describe factors influencing antimicrobial prescription at a large tertiary care private not-for-profit hospital in Uganda.
Methods: We conducted a descriptive phenomenology qualitative study involving face-to-face in-depth interviews of 12 purposively selected prescribers (four intern doctors, six medical officers and two Internal Medicine physicians) in a private not-for-profit hospital in Kampala, Uganda.
Article Synopsis
- The World Health Assembly set six global nutrition targets (GNTs) in 2012 to improve maternal and child health, but there has been no comprehensive report detailing progress from 2012 to 2021.
- A study evaluated the prevalence and impact of these nutrition targets across 204 countries using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 and projected future trends up to 2050.
- By 2021, only a few countries met some GNTs; most showed increased child overweight and notable decreases in female anaemia, highlighting a connection between societal development status and nutritional challenges.
Article Synopsis
- The text discusses the importance of forecasting future health issues in the USA for effective planning and public awareness regarding disease and injury burdens.
- It describes the methodology for predicting life expectancy, cause-specific mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from 2022 to 2050 using the Global Burden of Diseases framework.
- The forecasting includes various scenarios to assess the potential impacts of health risks and improvements across the country, focusing on demographic trends and health-related risk factors.
Purpose: ATM germline pathogenic variants (GPVs) are associated with a moderately increased risk of female breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, and prostate cancer. Resources for managing ATM heterozygotes in clinical practice are limited.
Methods: An international workgroup developed a clinical practice resource to guide management of ATM heterozygotes using peer-reviewed publications and expert opinion.
Distribution of Candida species isolated from people living with human immunodeficiency virus with oropharyngeal and oral candidiasis in Africa in the era of universal test and treat policy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Trop Med Health
November 2024
Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
Article Synopsis
- The study examines the prevalence of Candida species causing oropharyngeal and oral candidiasis among individuals with HIV in Africa, in light of improved treatments like antiretroviral therapy and the universal test and treat (UTT) policy.
- It analyzed data from 14 studies involving over 4,200 participants, finding that a significant majority of the Candida species isolated were C. albicans, while non-albicans species like C. glabrata and C. tropicalis were also present.
- The research indicates a decrease in the prevalence of oropharyngeal candidiasis since the introduction of UTT, with a pooled prevalence of 48%, suggesting effective interventions, although certain challenges remain.
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