Setting: Joint World Health Organization (WHO) projects in Vladimir and Orel regions, Russia.
Objective: To study the prevalence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB).
Methods: Drug susceptibility testing of second-line drugs (ofloxacin, kanamycin, capreomycin, ethionamide, cycloserine and para-aminosalicylic acid) was performed on isolates from multidrug-resistant TB cases from 1 January to 31 December 2006.
Results: In Orel, 16 (21.3%) of 75 tested isolates were XDR-TB; in Vladimir, 9 (4.9%) of 182 isolates were XDR-TB. Bilateral lung involvement was significantly associated with XDR-TB (prevalence ratio = 2.61, 95%CI 1.01-6.72).
Conclusion: XDR-TB has emerged in Russia. It is crucial to prevent, diagnose and treat TB and MDR-TB more effectively.
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