Recruitment and retention of women for clinical leiomyoma trials.

Background: Subject recruitment and retention in clinical leiomyoma trials is challenging. We evaluated strategies to increase patient enrollment and completion in leiomyoma trials.

Materials And Methods: Randomized trials for treatment of symptomatic leiomyoma published from 2000 through 2008 were evaluated and thirteen trials were selected. Subject enrollment and completion rates, recruitment methods and reasons for patient drop-out were assessed.

Results: Recruitment by study personnel or clinic staff during evaluation for symptomatic leiomyoma was the most common strategy for enrollment. Additional methods included local media, internet postings and physician referrals. Seven to 85% of patients enrolled after screening, with a median enrollment of 70%. Sixty-five to 100% of patients completed the study after enrollment with a median completion rate of 89%. Reasons for drop-out at the screening stage included failure to meet inclusion criteria, patient refusal and patient preference for specific treatment. Commonly reported reasons for drop-out after enrollment were refusal of treatment following randomization, adverse reaction to study intervention and non-compliance with study protocol or follow-up visits.

Conclusion: Women with symptomatic uterine leiomyomas may be attracted to participate in leiomyoma trials, however desire for specific treatment and persistent symptoms following intervention may hinder their participation. Randomization to placebo treatment and stringent inclusion criteria appear to adversely impact accrual. A wide range of recruiting tactics is needed and media sources or direct mailings may prove particularly effective to improve subject recruitment and retention in clinical leiomyoma trials.