A ground-state-depleted laser is demonstrated in the form of a Q-switched oscillator operating at 912 nm. By using Nd(3+) as the active ion and Y(2)SiO(5) as the host material, the laser transition is from the lowest-lying Stark level of the Nd(3+4)F(?) level to a Stark level 355 cm(-1) above the lowest-lying one in the (4)I(9/2) manifold. The necessity of depleting the ground (4)I(9/2) manifold is evident for this level scheme as transparency requires a 10% inversion. To achieve the high excitation levels required for the efficient operation of this laser, bleach-wave pumping using an alexandrite laser at 745 nm has been employed. With KNbO(3), noncritical phase matching is possible at 140 degrees C using d(32) and is demonstrated.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.15.001020 | DOI Listing |
Sci Data
January 2025
Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Antarctica, Earth's least understood and most remote continent, is threatened by human disturbances and climate-related changes, underscoring the imperative for biodiversity inventories to inform conservation. Antarctic ecosystems support unique species and genetic diversity, deliver essential ecosystem services and contribute to planetary stability. We present Antarctica's first comprehensive ecosystem classification and map of ice-free lands, which host most of the continent's biodiversity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Med
January 2025
Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
We examined data from 17,498 physicians-in-training who reported on 92,662 months of work over a 20 year study interval that included three major revisions to work hour limits. Extended duration shifts (≥24 hours; EDS) are much less common than they used to be. On average, first-year resident physicians (PGY1s) currently work a total of 4 EDS per year and 3 EDS per month during months in which any EDS are worked.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft, Vienna, Austria.
Introduction: Language barriers within clinical settings pose a threat to patient safety. As a potential impediment to understanding, they hinder the process of obtaining informed consent and uptake of critical medical information. This study investigates the impact of the current use of interpreters, with a particular focus on of engaging laypersons as interpreters, rather than professional interpreters potentially affecting patient safety.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSports Med
January 2025
Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Background: Identification of genetic alleles associated with both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and concussion severity/recovery could help explain the association between concussion and elevated dementia risk. However, there has been little investigation into whether AD risk genes associate with concussion severity/recovery, and the limited findings are mixed.
Objective: We used AD polygenic risk scores (PRS) and APOE genotypes to investigate any such associations in the NCAA-DoD Grand Alliance CARE Consortium (CARE) dataset.
Biomed Pharmacother
January 2025
Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurochemistry, 12 Smetna Str., Krakow 31-343, Poland. Electronic address:
Neuropathic pain is a disorder affecting the somatosensory nervous system. However, this condition is also characterized by significant neuroinflammation, primarily involving CNS-resident non-neuronal cells. A promising target for developing new analgesics is histamine H receptor (HR); thus, we aimed to determine the influence of a novel HR antagonist/inverse agonist, E-98 (1-(7-(4-chlorophenoxy)heptyl)-3-methylpiperidine), on pain symptoms and glia activation in model of neuropathic pain in male mice (chronic constriction injury to the sciatic nerve).
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