To assess the effect of technology on sport, the performance statistics for four disciplines were analysed: the 100-m sprint, pole vault, javelin, and cycling. The concept of a performance improvement index was developed to allow comparison between athletes and between sports with a higher index indicating a greater improvement in the sport. The following performance improvement indices were found: 100-m sprint, 24% over 108 years; pole vault, 86% over 94 years; javelin, 95% over 76 years; 4-km individual pursuit, 35% over 32 years; one-hour cycling record, 221% over 111 years. Around 4% of the index for the sprint was attributed to tighter, aerodynamic clothing, suggesting that general athletic improvement in sprint-type events has been around 20%. Technological developments in simple equipment such as the pole vault or javelin were seen to affect the index by around 30%, while the index associated with aerodynamic improvements in the one-hour record was around 100%. It is concluded that the performance improvement index could be extended to amateur as well as elite sport where distance or time is used as a measure of performance.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640410903062019 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Identification of gunshot entry wounds using hyperdense rim sign on post-mortem computed tomography.
Int J Legal Med
October 2024
Service de Radiologie, GHU Paris Psychiatrie Et Neurosciences, Site Sainte-Anne, 1, Rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France.
Article Synopsis
- Post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) is a valuable technique in forensic medicine for assessing head gunshot injuries, particularly through signs like vault bevelling to help identify entry and exit wounds.
- A new study tested the cutaneous hyperdense rim sign, which could indicate entry wounds, showing high specificity (97%) but moderate sensitivity (63%) when analyzed in 64 cases of gunshot wounds.
- The research found a significant correlation between the hyperdense rim sign and the presence of powder residues or bullet wipe, supporting its potential as an effective tool for determining gunshot entry wounds alongside other forensic methods.
Epidemiology of injuries in united states high school track and field jumping events from 2008 - 2019.
Phys Sportsmed
September 2024
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School/Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
Article Synopsis
- The study examines injury rates and patterns in high school track and field athletes participating in jumping events from 2008 to 2019, revealing limited previous reports on this topic.
- A total of 727 injuries were recorded, with common injuries being muscle strains and ligament sprains, and the majority of athletes returning to sport within three weeks.
- The findings indicate that injury rates were higher during competitions than practices, and female athletes experienced a higher proportion of certain injuries compared to male athletes.
Sport and longevity: an observational study of international athletes.
Geroscience
August 2024
European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen (RUG), Groningen, The Netherlands.
The human lifespan is influenced by various factors, with physical activity being a significant contributor. Despite the clear benefit of exercise on health and longevity, the association between different types of sports and lifespan is yet to be considered. Accordingly, we aimed to study this association in a large international cohort of former athletes using a robust linear regression model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnalysis after posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation: 17- to 19-year follow-up study.
J Cataract Refract Surg
August 2024
From the Hospital Arruzafa, Córdoba, Spain.
Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of the Visian implantable collamer lens (ICL) in eyes with ≥17 years of follow-up.
Setting: Single-center.
Design: Retrospective observational study.
Mitigating against relative age effects in youth Track & Field: Validating corrective adjustment procedures across multiple events.
J Sci Med Sport
September 2024
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
Objectives: With the aim to better identify talented Track & Field performance development, this study estimated the relationships between chronological (decimal) age with 60-m sprint, high jump, triple jump, and pole vault performance. Then, to mitigate against expected Relative Age Effects (RAEs), Corrective Adjustment Procedures (CAPs) were applied to an independent sample.
Design: Mixed-longitudinal design examining public data between 2005 and 2019.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!