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Activation of NF-kappaB and COX-2 expression is associated with breakthrough bleeding in patients using oral contraceptives in extended regimens. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • The study aimed to investigate if there’s a link between endometrial inflammation and breakthrough bleeding in patients on extended oral contraceptive regimens.
  • Researchers assessed two markers, NF-kappaB and Cox-2, in endometrial samples from patients experiencing breakthrough bleeding.
  • Findings revealed that patients with breakthrough bleeding had significantly increased levels of NF-kappaB and Cox-2 expression, indicating that this bleeding may be tied to an inflammatory response in the endometrium.

Article Abstract

The objective of the present study was to determine whether there is an increase in endometrial inflammation associated with the occurrence of breakthrough bleeding in patients using an oral contraceptive in extended regimens. The presence of nuclear factor NF-kappaB and Cox-2 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in endometrial samples removed by hysteroscopy from patients with breakthrough bleeding during continuous use of an oral contraceptive containing gestodene. All patients had a history of menorrhagia associated or not with the presence of uterine pathology. The percentage of endometria showing a positive staining reaction for NF-kappaB in cell nuclei was significantly higher in patients with breakthrough bleeding than in those with amenorrhea. Cox-2 expression in the endometrium was also significantly more frequent in patients with breakthrough bleeding. The occurrence of breakthrough bleeding in patients with uterine pathology using combined oral contraceptives is associated with the activation of endometrial inflammation through the NF-kappaB pathway.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09513590903247832DOI Listing

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