Granulocyte transfusion therapy in abdominal organ transplant recipients.

Background: Patients with neutropenia are at increased risk for infections. Granulocyte transfusions (GT) have had mixed success in treatment of neutropenic infections in adult patients with hematologic malignancy. This study examined the outcomes of GT therapy in neutropenic solid organ transplant recipients, a novel population for this therapy.

Methods: We performed a retrospective examination of the transfusion and medical records of all 14 solid organ-transplant recipients without hematologic malignancy who experienced neutropenia and received GT therapy from 2004 to 2006.

Results: Twelve patients received GT therapy for an active infection and two patients for infection prophylaxis. The mean absolute neutrophil count (ANC) one day increment per GT in these patients was 526/microl (median 215/microl). The mean ANC one day increment per dose of 10(10) granulocytes was 246/microl (median 86/microl). Of the 12 infected patients, four patients (33%) showed a clinical response to GT with improvement or resolution of the infection, 7 (58%) patients had no clinical response and one additional patient had a clinical response to a course of GT but died during a second GT course. Neither patient receiving GT for prophylaxis developed an infection.

Conclusions: We observed temporal increases in ANC to levels above 1,000/microl in 15/18 (83.3%) courses of GT. We observed a clinical response to infection in 5/12 (42%) patients, the remaining infected patients had no clinical response. Our results suggest that GT therapy in neutropenic solid organ transplant recipients can boost peripheral blood neutrophil counts. Additional studies are needed to document an independent clinical benefit for GT in this patient population.