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Submicroscopic genomic alterations in Silver-Russell syndrome and Silver-Russell-like patients. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is characterized by growth restrictions and various physical abnormalities, with many cases lacking clear genetic causes despite known issues on chromosomes 7 and 11.
  • A study involving 22 SRS patients investigated their genetic makeup using advanced microarray technology to find genomic changes linked to the syndrome.
  • Results revealed significant deletions and duplications in patients who previously had unclear genetic origins, suggesting a complex genetic landscape and the potential for discovering new genotype-phenotype correlations.

Article Abstract

Background: Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS, OMIM 180860) features fetal and postnatal growth restriction and variable dysmorphisms. Genetic and epigenetic aberrations on chromosomes 7 and 11 are commonly found in SRS. However, a large fraction of SRS cases remain with unknown genetic aetiology.

Methods: 22 patients with a diagnosis of SRS (10 with H19 hypomethylation and 12 of unknown molecular aetiology) and their parents were studied with the Affymetrix 250K Sty microarray. Several analytical approaches were used to identify genomic aberrations such as copy number changes (CNCs), loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and uniparental disomy (UPD). Selected CNCs were verified with quantitative real-time PCR.

Results: The largest unambiguous CNCs were found in patients with previously molecularly unexplained SRS with relatively mild phenotypes: a heterozygous deletion of chromosome 15q26.3 including the IGF1R gene (2.6 Mb), an atypical distal 22q11.2 deletion (1.1 Mb), and a pseudoautosomal region duplication (2.7 Mb) in a male patient. LOH regions of potential relevance to the SRS phenotype were also identified. Importantly, no duplications or UPD of chromosomes 7 or 11 were identified.

Conclusion: Unexpected submicroscopic genomic events with pathogenic potential were found in three patients with molecularly unexplained SRS that was mild. The findings emphasise that SRS is heterogeneous in genetic aetiology beyond the major groups of H19 hypomethylation and maternal UPD7 and that unbiased genome-scale screens may reveal novel genotype-phenotype correlations.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmg.2009.069427DOI Listing

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