Patients with nasal polyps suffer from a condition that, despite adequate treatment, runs a recurrent and remitting course, requiring long-term medication and often multiple operations. It is a condition in which the cause remains unknown.
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Neuroimmune signalling pathways in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol
February 2025
Specialist Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rhinology Section, Royal National ENT and Eastman Dental Hospitals, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Purpose Of Review: To evaluate the role of neuroimmune signalling pathways in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).
Recent Findings: The sinonasal mucosa is densely infiltrated by immune cells and neuronal structures that share an intimate spatial relationship within tissue compartments. Together, such neuroimmune units play a critical role in airway defence and homeostatic function.
Human intraepithelial mast cell differentiation and effector function are directed by TGF-β signaling.
J Clin Invest
January 2025
Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Mast cells (MCs) expressing a distinctive protease phenotype (MCTs) selectively expand within the epithelium of human mucosal tissues during type 2 (T2) inflammation. While MCTs are phenotypically distinct from subepithelial MCs (MCTCs), signals driving human MCT differentiation and this subset's contribution to inflammation remain unexplored. Here, we have identified TGF-β as a key driver of the MCT transcriptome in nasal polyps.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTGF-β drives differentiation of intraepithelial mast cells in inflamed airway mucosa.
J Clin Invest
January 2025
Similarly to acute intestinal helminth infection, several conditions of chronic eosinophilic type 2 inflammation of mucosal surfaces, including asthma and eosinophilic esophagitis, feature robust expansions of intraepithelial mast cells (MCs). Also the hyperplastic mucosa of nasal polyposis in the context of chronic rhinosinusitis, with or without COX1 inhibitor intolerance, contains impressive numbers of intraepithelial MCs. In this issue of the JCI, Derakhshan et al.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCross‑Cultural Validation of the Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patient-Reported Outcomes (CRS-PRO) Questionnaire in Portuguese.
Cureus
November 2024
Rhinology and Anterior Skull Base Surgery, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, CAN.
Introduction Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) presents with different clinical patterns with variable responses to treatment. Clear criteria for specifying disease severity and assessing symptom control are lacking in the current literature. We aimed to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the chronic rhinosinusitis patient-reported outcomes (CRS-PRO), creating a Portuguese version to use as a routine questionnaire in the evaluation of patients with CRS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFType 2 biomarkers in olfactory cleft mucus correlate with SNOT-22 in chronic rhinosinusitis independent of nasal polyp status.
Int Forum Allergy Rhinol
December 2024
Division of Rhinology and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Background: Quantitative mucus cytokine analysis to examine the sinonasal microenvironment may bridge the gap between patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and empirical measures of inflammation in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
Objective: Investigate the correlation between mucus cytokine levels and Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) scores, including individual subdomains.
Methods: Patients with CRS were prospectively recruited between 2016 and 2021 into a multi-institutional observational study.
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