The locked-in syndrome is a rare neurologic disorder defined by (1) the presence of sustained eye opening; (2) preserved awareness; (3) aphonia or hypophonia; (4) quadriplegia or quadriparesis; and (5) a primary mode of communication that uses vertical or lateral eye movement or blinking. Five cases are reported here, and previous literature is reviewed. According to the literature, the most common etiology of locked-in syndrome in children is ventral pontine stroke, most frequently caused by a vertebrobasilar artery thrombosis or occlusion. In terms of prognosis, 35% of pediatric locked-in syndrome patients experienced some motor recovery, 26% had good recovery, 23% died, and 16% remained quadriplegic and anarthric. These findings raise important ethical considerations in terms of quality of life and end-of-life decisions in such challenging cases.
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A novel non-invasive EEG-SSVEP diagnostic tool for color vision deficiency in individuals with locked-in syndrome.
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Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Introduction: Color vision deficiency (CVD), a common visual impairment, affects individuals' ability to differentiate between various colors due to malfunctioning or absent color photoreceptors in the retina. Currently available diagnostic tests require a behavioral response, rendering them unsuitable for individuals with limited physical and communication abilities, such as those with locked-in syndrome. This study introduces a novel, non-invasive method that employs brain signals, specifically Steady-State Visually Evoked Potentials (SSVEPs), along with Ishihara plates to diagnose CVD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Locked-in-syndrome].
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Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov University), Moscow, Russia.
Locked-in syndrome is a rare neurological disorder. It is characterized by tetraparesis, paralysis of facial and masticatory muscles, anarthria and pseudobulbar syndrome with possible preservation of vertical movements of the eyeballs and blinking, as well as preservation of consciousness. A serious problem with the «locked-in person» syndrome is the inability of the patient to socialize, which causes him to experience no less suffering than from physical limitations.
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