The European Union plans to harmonize the aviation requirements, in particular the flight crew licensing requirements. On 23 May 2007, the German Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs published the Flight Crew Licensing Requirements, which are based on the Joint Aviation Requirements, Flight Crew Licensing 3, Amendment 5. These guidelines also list the examination methods to be used for testing the medical fitness of pilots. In this Amendment some examinations which were part of the routine tests before JAR-FCL3 became effective have been deleted, e.g. the exercise ECG. This article presents two cases from the autopsy material of the Institute of Legal Medicine in Hanover and discusses the problems associated with the new examination guidelines.
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Aerosp Med Hum Perform
January 2025
Background: Mission Controllers (MCs) are the main point of contact for space crews and are vital for successful human spaceflight. On a mission to Mars, there will be as long as 22-min one-way communication delays between the ground and the crew, causing major changes to current communication infrastructures.
Methods: This exploratory study assessed the impact of a 20-min one-way communication delay on MCs' task performance, workload, and stress levels under nominal and off-nominal conditions, conducted during a 21-d analog mission.
Prehosp Emerg Care
January 2025
Emergency Medicine, Methodist Dallas Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
Non-invasive ventilation has been used as a pre-oxygenation strategy for rapid sequence intubation in the emergency department and the intensive care unit, yet, limited research has examined its use in the transport setting. These case reports discuss the use of non-invasive ventilation via a Hamilton T1 ventilator (Hamilton Medical) during transport by an air medical crew for pre-oxygenation before intubation in two cases. In both cases, a non-invasive, bilevel-positive airway pressure mode with a backup rate was used to achieve adequate airway pressures while allowing for a two-handed seal by one EMS clinician as the other prepared the equipment and medications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Occup Saf Ergon
January 2025
Maritime Transportation and Management Engineering Department, Karadeniz Technical University, Türkiye.
In parallel with the rising world population, consumption is increasing. Seafarers work intensively for the continuity of consumption. Vessel crew work under contract for specific periods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
College of Air Traffic Management, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, 300300, China.
The increasing complexity of aviation systems and the rise of unpredictable "Black Swan" events necessitate resilience-based safety management strategies. Flight Crew Resilient Behavior (FCRB), defined as the ability of flight crews to adapt effectively beyond standard operating procedures, is critical for ensuring operational safety. Despite its significance, systematic approaches to understanding and managing FCRB remain underdeveloped.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Division of Space, Ecological, Arctic, and Resource-limited (SPEAR) Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114.
One of the most surprising and important findings of the first human landings on the Moon was the discovery of a very fine layer of lunar dust covering the entire surface of Moon along with the negative impacts of this dust on the well-being and operational effectiveness of the astronauts, their equipment, and instrumentation. The United States is now planning for human missions to Mars, a planet where dust can also be expected to be ubiquitous for many or most landing sites. For these missions, the design and operations of key hardware systems must take this dust into account, especially when related to crew health and safety.
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