Aristolochic acid nephropathy is a chronic, fibrosing, interstitial nephritis caused by aristolochic acid (AA), which is a component of the plants of Aristolochiacae family. It was first reported in 1993, in Belgium as a Chinese herb nephropathy, in patients who received a slimming regimen containing AA. The term aristolochic acid nephropathy also includes Balcan endemic nephropathy and other endemic tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Moreover, AA is a human carcinogen which induces urothelial cancer. The AA-containing herbs are banned in many countries and FDA published the warnings concerning the safety of AA-containing botanical remedies in 2000. Regarding the increasing interest in herbal medicines, uncontrolled access to botanical remedies and replacement of one herb by another AA-containing compounds makes thousands of people all around the world at risk of this grave disease.
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Sex differences in aristolochic acid I-induced nephrotoxicity in mice and the effect of estradiol.
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School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Luzhou New Drug Evaluation and Research Center, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China. Electronic address:
Aristolochic acid I (AAI), the most prominent component of aristolochic acids and found in nearly all aristolochic herbs, has been demonstrated significant nephrotoxicity. In this study, an acute nephrotoxicity model of AAI mice was established by a single dose injection of AAI. It was observed that there are differences of the sensitivity to AAI nephrotoxicity in female and male mice, with male mice exhibiting nephrotoxic effects even at lower doses.
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Planta Med
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Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
(ES) exerts various pharmacological effects, including renoprotection in a rat model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the mechanisms of these effects remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of ES on aristolochic acid (AA)-induced acute kidney injury in mice.
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January 2025
School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
Current studies have clearly shown that aristolochic acid (AA) exposure can induce a variety of diseases, such as kidney disease, liver cancer, and urinary tract cancer (UTC). However, no studies have systematically analyzed and integrated these results. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the association between AA exposure and the risk of safety outcomes for AA-related overall disease and different types of disease it causes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAbsorptivity Is an Important Determinant in the Toxicity Difference between Aristolochic Acid I and Aristolochic Acid II.
J Agric Food Chem
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Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Inadvertent exposure to aristolochic acids (AAs) is causing chronic renal disease worldwide, with aristolochic acid I (AA-I) identified as the primary toxic agent. This study employed chemical methods to investigate the mechanisms underlying the nephrotoxicity and carcinogenicity of AA-I. Aristolochic acid II (AA-II), which has a structure similar to that of AA-I, was investigated with the same methods for comparison.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenome-wide CRISPR-based screen identifies E2F transcription factor 1 as a regulator and therapeutic target of aristolochic acid-induced nephrotoxicity.
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January 2025
Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. Electronic address:
Aristolochic Acid I (AAI) is widely present in traditional Chinese medicines derived from the Aristolochia genus and is known to cause significant damage to renal tubular epithelial cells. Genome-wide screening has proven to be a powerful tool in identifying critical genes associated with the toxicity of exogenous substances. To identify undiscovered key genes involved in AAI-induced renal toxicity, a genome-wide CRISPR library screen was conducted in the human kidney-2 (HK-2) cell line.
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