Objective: Measure effectiveness of intermittent slow sand filtration for reducing child diarrhoea among households using unimproved water sources in rural Kenya.
Methods: A randomized controlled trail was conducted among populations meeting a high-risk profile for child diarrhoea from drinking river water in the River Njoro watershed. Intervention households (30) were provided the concrete BioSand Filter and instructed on filter use and maintenance. Control households (29) continued normal practices. Longitudinal monthly monitoring of diarrhoea (seven-day daily prevalence recall) and of influent, effluent, and drinking water quality for fecal coliform was conducted for 6 months.
Results: Intervention households had better drinking water quality than control households (fecal coliform geometric mean, 30.0 CFU vs. 89.0 CFU/100 ml, P < 0.001) and reported significantly fewer diarrhoea days (86 days over 626 child-weeks) compared to controls (203 days over 558 child-weeks) among children up to 15 (age-adjusted RR 0.46; 95 % CI = 0.22, 0.96). Greater child diarrhoea reduction due to the intervention (age-adjusted RR 0.23, 95 % CI = 0.10, 0.51) was observed among the sub-group using unimproved water sources all of the time.
Conclusion: Intermittent slow sand filtration, a non-commercial technology, produces similar observed effects on child diarrhoea as commercial POU products, adding to the range of effective options for poor populations (chlorination, ceramic filtration, solar disinfection, flocculation/disinfection).
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02381.x | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Impact of antimicrobial resistance on infections in children in Africa.
Curr Opin Pediatr
January 2025
Department of Child Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Purpose Of Review: Antimicrobial resistance is an escalating public health threat in Africa, and an awareness of the devastating impact on children is growing. This review highlights the prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance among children in Africa, focusing on pathogens responsible for bloodstream infections, community-acquired pneumonia, bacterial meningitis, neonatal infections, diarrhea and malaria. Current strategies to tackle antimicrobial resistance in pediatric populations are discussed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparison of clinical and virological features in pediatric and adult dengue cases at Insein General Hospital during Myanmar's 2022 dengue season.
Trop Med Health
January 2025
Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health, No.5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon Township, Yangon, 11191, Myanmar.
Background: Myanmar is one of the countries in Southeast Asia where serious dengue outbreaks occur and Yangon is among the regions with the highest number of cases in the country. Many infections including dengue are common in Yangon during the rainy season, and co-infections may also occur. Adults are more likely than children to experience co-infections of dengue and other diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffectiveness of rotavirus vaccine following introduction in the childhood immunization program in Northeast India.
Indian J Med Microbiol
January 2025
Department of Microbiology, RIMS, Lamphelpat, Imphal - 795004, Manipur, India. Electronic address:
Background: Rotavirus diarrhoea is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in children under five years of age. The WHO has recommended vaccination against this agent especially in countries with high mortality rates. As India accounts for almost a quarter of worldwide rotaviral diarrhoea cases, the government has introduced indigenously manufactured vaccines in the national immunization schedule which has been implemented in four phases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe invisible threat: A 30-year review of air pollution's impact on diarrhoea from the global burden of disease study 2021.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
January 2025
Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China. Electronic address:
Background: Diarrhoea remains a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality among children younger than 5 years. This study aims to provide an updated assessment of diarrhoea deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to air pollution from 1990 to 2021.
Methods: The deaths and DALYs data for diarrhoea attributable to air pollution were derived from the 2021 Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD).
Beyond the Atypical: Gastrointestinal Manifestations in Kawasaki Disease.
Cureus
December 2024
General Pediatrics, Al Qassimi Women's and Children's Hospital, Sharjah, ARE.
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis mainly seen in children, with a specific risk for coronary artery involvement. Atypical symptoms can sometimes result in missed diagnoses, delaying necessary treatment and increasing the chances of serious cardiovascular complications. We report a case of a six-month-old previously healthy girl who had not been vaccinated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!