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Changes in microbial community structure during pig manure composting and its relationship to the fate of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes.
J Hazard Mater
May 2020
Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory for Soil Molecular Ecology, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China. Electronic address:
Animal manure containing veterinary antibiotics is a significant source of microbial antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Composting of animal manure with wheat straw and sawdust was explored as a means to reduce ARGs load in the final material. The effects of ciprofloxacin, oxytetracycline, sulfamerazine on the bacterial community composition, and how this then affected the removal of seven tetracycline resistance genes (TARGs), four sulfonamide resistance genes (SARGs), and two fluoroquinolone resistance genes (QARGs) were investigated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrobial phylogeny determines transcriptional response of resistome to dynamic composting processes.
Microbiome
August 2017
Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety Technology, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Background: Animal manure is a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that pose a potential health risk globally, especially for resistance to the antibiotics commonly used in livestock production (such as tetracycline, sulfonamide, and fluoroquinolone). Currently, the effects of biological treatment (composting) on the transcriptional response of manure ARGs and their microbial hosts are not well characterized. Composting is a dynamic process that consists of four distinct phases that are distinguished by the temperature resulting from microbial activity, namely the mesophilic, thermophilic, cooling, and maturing phases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFarm level risk factors for fluoroquinolone resistance in E. coli and thermophilic Campylobacter spp. on poultry farms.
Avian Pathol
October 2016
b Department of Bacteriology and Food Safety , Animal and Plant Health Agency - Weybridge , Addlestone , Surrey , UK.
Data on husbandry practices, performance, disease and drug use were collected during a cross-sectional survey of 89 poultry meat farms in England and Wales to provide information on possible risk factors for the occurrence of fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistant bacteria. Faeces samples were used to classify farms as "affected" or "not affected" by FQ-resistant (FQr) Escherichia coli or Campylobacter spp. Risk factor analysis identified the use of FQ on the farms as having by far the strongest association, among the factors considered, with the occurrence of FQr bacteria.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFModeling the fate of antibiotic resistance genes and class 1 integrons during thermophilic anaerobic digestion of municipal wastewater solids.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol
February 2016
Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota, 500 Pillsbury Drive SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
This study investigated the use of thermophilic anaerobic digestion for removing antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from residual municipal wastewater solids. Four laboratory-scale anaerobic digesters were operated in 8-day batch cycles at temperatures of 40, 56, 60, and 63 °C. Two tetracycline resistance genes (tet(W) and tet(X)), a fluoroquinolone resistance gene (qnrA), the integrase gene of class 1 integrons (intI1), 16S rRNA genes of all Bacteria, and 16S rRNA genes of methanogens were quantified using real-time quantitative PCR.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCharacterisation of the DNA gyrase from the thermophilic eubacterium Thermus thermophilus.
Protein Expr Purif
March 2015
Department of Oral Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. Electronic address:
DNA gyrase is a type IIA topoisomerase found in bacteria but not in humans. The enzyme is required for bacterial DNA replication and transcription, and is an important antibacterial target that is sensitive to the widely-used fluoroquinolone drugs. Due to the emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance, the discovery of new classes of drugs that target DNA gyrase is urgent.
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